It's said she's been hit immediately after entering a car lane outside a crosswalk. Quite possibly there was no time for the autopilot to react at all. I hope all video footage for self-driving crashes is mandatorily released.
> Chief of Police Sylvia Moir told the San Francisco Chronicle on Monday that video footage taken from cameras equipped to the autonomous Volvo SUV potentially shift the blame to the victim herself, 49-year-old Elaine Herzberg, rather than the vehicle.
> “It’s very clear it would have been difficult to avoid this collision in any kind of mode [autonomous or human-driven] based on how she came from the shadows right into the roadway,” Moir told the paper, adding that the incident occurred roughly 100 yards from a crosswalk. “It is dangerous to cross roadways in the evening hour when well-illuminated managed crosswalks are available,” she said.
0) http://fortune.com/2018/03/19/uber-self-driving-car-crash/
Based on the layout of the presumed crash site (namely, the median had a paved section that would effectively make this an unmarked crosswalk), and based on the fact that the damage being all on the passenger's side (which is to say, the pedestrian would have had to have crossed most of the lane before being struck), I would expect that there is a rather lot that could have been done on the driver's side (whether human or autonomous) to avoid the crash.
> Herzberg is said to have abruptly walked from a center median into a lane with traffic
So that explains that. However, contrary to the thrust of your argument, the experience of the sober driver, who was ready to intervene if needed, is hard to dismiss:
> “The driver said it was like a flash, the person walked out in front of them,” Moir said. “His first alert to the collision was the sound of the collision.”
And also:
> “It’s very clear it would have been difficult to avoid this collision in any kind of mode [autonomous or human-driven] based on how she came from the shadows right into the roadway,” Moir told the paper, adding that the incident occurred roughly 100 yards from a crosswalk. “It is dangerous to cross roadways in the evening hour when well-illuminated managed crosswalks are available,” she said.
No human could brake that well, and simply jamming the brakes would engage the ABS leading to a longer stopping distance. Not to mention the human reaction time of 0.5 - 0.75 seconds would have prevented most people from even lifting the foot off the accelerator pedal before the collision, even if they were perfectly focused on driving.
I was taught that the entire point of ABS is so that you can just jam the brake and have the shortest stopping time instead of modulating it yourself to avoid skidding. Do you have any source to the contrary?
Wikipedia backs me up but adds that it also decreases stopping distance on dry and slippery surfaces, while significantly increasing stopping distances in snow and gravel. I’m from a country with a lot of snow so that makes sense.
In terms of split second reactions, it's pretty much optimal still to just jam the brakes if you have ABS. It's much better than braking too little, which is what most non-ABS drivers would have done.
That said, the point of ABS is in the rare event that you have to brake full power, the system automatically help you do it at a near optimal (slightly skidding) without additional input, and you remain full steering ability.
If you don't have ABS you'd need to train that emergency stop ability on a daily basis to even come close.
Many cars, such as my POS Ford Focus, use a single-channel ABS system. These systems will oscillate all four brakes even if only one is locked. Combined with the rear-wheel drum brakes, the ABS considerably increased stopping distances on dry road.
Older dumb ABS systems would simply "pump the pedal" for the driver, and would increase stopping distance in almost all conditions, especially single-channel systems. Newer systems determine breaking performance via the conventional ABS sensors and additionally accelerometers. These systems will back off N G's, then increase the G's bisecting the known-locked and known-unlocked condition, trying to find the optimum. These systems _will_ stop the car in the minimum distance possible, but very few cars use it.
Maybe it's society's fault, for building open-access roadways where vehicles exceed a few km/h.
As others have said in the comments, whole point of having technology is defeated if it performs worse than humans. Assuming vehicles were parked, a sane human driver will evaluate the possibility of someone coming out from between them suddenly and will not drive @40 Miles an hour speed.
If that's the case most drivers on the road are very far from "sane drivers." I've been illegally passed, on narrow residential streets, many times, because I was going a speed that took into account the fact someone may jump out between parked cars.
http://fortune.com/2018/03/19/uber-self-driving-car-crash/
> she came from the shadows right into the roadway
also we were told radars would have have solved exactly this limitation of humans
> Uber car was driving at 38 mph in a 35 mph zone
also we were told these car would be inherently safer because they would always respect limits and signage
> she is said to have abruptly walked from a center median into a lane with traffic
I don't know other driver, but when someone is on the median or close to the road I usually slow down in principle because it doesn't match the usual expectations of a typical 'safe' situation.
I've been advocating against public testing for a long time, because it's just treating people safety as an externality. Uber is cutting corners, not all company are that sloppy, but this is, overall, unacceptable.
Not saying this is the case here, but it could be. As others have said, we need to wait until we know more before jumping to conclusions.
This means that there's a fixed distance from which the optimal driver can stop a car doing xmph. Yes, an autonomous vehicle has a faster reaction time* to begin the stop, but no matter the reaction time, a stop cannot be instantaneous from any substantial amount of speed.
If it takes 20 feet to stop a car doing 20MPH, it will take 80 feet to stop a car doing 40mph. If there's a human between the initial brake point and 80 feet from it, that human will be hit, no matter who or what the driver is.
[1]http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/cops-uber-self-driving-c...
Accidents can still occur even if the car is perfect.
It, or the driver, could do more than just stop though. You can change directions, even at 38mph.
Then we have to get into other questions, would I as a driver willingly sideswipe a car next to me to avoid hitting a pedestrian? Is it reasonable to expect an AI to make the same value decision?
An algorithm however is a different deal, what should happen is already decided in an algorithm, so in some way its already settled who gets killed.
You can't avoid what is hiding.
0) https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/19/technology/uber-driverles...
That would increase the chance a particular vehicle could avoid an accident which it couldn't, on its own, anticipate.
It would be much safer if all roadways with speed limits over a few km/h were fenced, with tunnels or bridges for pedestrian crossing. Arguably, we would have that now, but for legislative efforts by vehicle manufacturers many decades ago. Maybe we'll get there with The Boring Company.
"Most people" (which is, in reality, "most of my geek friends with high disposable income") shifts to "everyone" by the end of sentence. Also, my devices seem to know where I am...within a few city blocks: I do not like your requirement of always-on mandatory tracking, both from privacy and battery life POVs.
Even worse, this has major false negatives: it's not a probation tracker device - if I leave it at home, am I now fair game for AVs? And even if I have it with me and fine position is requested, rarely do I get beyond "close to a corner of X an Y Street," usually the precision tops out at tens of ft: worse than useless for real-time traffic detection.
Moreover, your proposal for car-only roadways is only reasonable for high-speed, separated ways; I sure hope you are not proposing fencing off streets (as would be the case here: 50 km/h > "a few km/h", this is the usual city speed limit).
Some do argue that speed limits for unfenced roadways within cities ought to be 30 km/h or less. And although fatalities are uncommon at 30 km/h, severe injuries aren't. I live in a community where the speed limit is half that. But there's no easy solution, given how prevalent motor vehicles have become. Except perhaps self-driving ones.
0) https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/performance/accuracy/#how-ac...
Edit: spelling
Or maybe it couldn’t, but then the whole « narrative « of the experiment is in serious jeopardy.
Not really. Self driving cars are supposed to be better than average human driver. That does not imply that they NEVER make mistakes.
I do not know specifics of this case, but a general comment: If somebody is hiding behind a bush, and (deliberately or by mistake) run in front of the car, there is no way the car can anticipate that. There is no way to avoid accidents in 100% of the cases.
I can think of many situations where I have avoided hitting pedestrians because of my avareness of the situation. Eg: Pedestrian with earphones looking at phone crossing against red light just because the left-turning wehicle in the left lane stopped for a red arrow while I had green going straight. Pedestrian mostly behind the car, just seen thru the window of the car.
Pedestrian behind high snow-walls going towards normal pedestrian crossing, no lights. Almost completely covered by the high snow-walls and a buss parked at a buss station 50 m away from the crossing. 50 km/h road. Since I had seen the pedestrian far away already I knew someone would show up there at the time I arrived there. On the other hand I would never pass a buss like that in high speed, pedestrians like to just run across in front of the buss. And high snow-walls next to a crossing is a big red flag too.
I live in Sweden though, where pedestrians are supposed to be first class citizens that has no armor.
This looks like the exact situation the selfdriving cars are supposed to be able to avoid. A big object in the middle of the street. I expect the car to try to avoid this even though the bike didn't seem to have any reflexes. If the LiDAR doesn't catch this, I don't think they should be out in traffic at all.
Yes, but this is a 4-lane roadway. I can totally imagine driving cautiously and slowing down near residential areas where houses are close to the road. However, this seems like a different case.
Thinking about it seriously, it may be shouldn't. Also these things could lead to a crash pile up with other vehicles coming in from behind.