You just don't fit the ideal profile of what many companies (and certainly start-ups) are looking for in a new developer: i.e. slightly naïve, little to no familial obligations, willing to work long hours (beyond what is healthy and reasonable), and little legacy baggage. Also, childishly put, having a PhD means you would academically 'outrank' most of your would-be colleagues and (most significantly) bosses, and for a lot of people it marks you as someone who is way too theoretical to fit into a development team. These are prejudices to be sure, but we don't appear to live in a world devoid of them.
Of course you would probably be a very good hire for a company that values its employees and sees a well-balanced career like yours as a chance to built on your experience, but those companies may be harder to find.
Also, obligatory IANAL.
Have you taken a look at Who Is Hiring threads here on Hacker News? There's also whoishiring.io and remoteok.io that lets you filter by location and look for remote.
Last but not least, could you please send your CV to hnfriends31415@gmail.com