For those of you who find this interesting and also enjoy anime, Psycho-Pass explores this premise.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycho-Pass

TLDR:

> The story takes place in an authoritarian future dystopia, where omnipresent public sensors continuously scan the mental states of every passing citizen. Collected data on both present mentality and aggregated personality data is used to gauge the probability of that citizen committing a crime, the rating referred to as that citizen's Psycho-Pass.