Yes they do, they are the building blocks for async/await, get a thread allocated from a thread pool when running, and you can control how the scheduling takes place, by providing your own scheduler implementation.
It seems like both languages are equally capable here, with C++ having more power and foot guns when required as usual.
C++ with PPL on Windows, would be
task<T> handle = create_task([] { /* ... */ });
future<T> handle = std::async(std::launch::async, [] { /* ... */ });