A different argument is based on property law[2]. You can't transfer better title than you have, but a "bona fide purchaser" obtains something that's practically pretty close to good title. So you could see the result hinging on whether a charity knew it was receiving stolen money (again, question whether property concepts apply at all to money).
[1]http://legalhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2013/05/reid-on-scotlan... -- OP didn't ask about jurisdiction, but this principle seems to be somewhat consistent in various places
[2]http://law.jrank.org/pages/9188/Personal-Property-Bona-Fide-...
Disclaimer: this answer is the product of law school, which means it is likely of even worse quality than a Wikipedia search.