Most of the time it's an earthquake in Asia that takes power plants offline and impacts supply.
(DRAM/flash prices have been on a continual incline because capacity growth has not been matching expected demand growth, and this was expected to continue through next year. China told the DRAM cartel to knock it off or they'd bring state-sponsored fabs online to fill the gap... and a few weeks later Samsung signed a memorandum of understanding and now prices are expected to decline throughout this year. Just a stunning coincidence /s)
http://www.china.org.cn/business/2017-12/23/content_50157479...
https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/12/21/china_memory_insour...
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-samsung-elec-chips-outloo...
https://seekingalpha.com/news/3327772-samsung-headed-china-a...
And fab time on cutting-edge nodes is expensive as well. For example, BitMain is buying up more 16nm fab time than NVIDIA right now. So certain classes of high-performance silicon like 100 GbE switches may be in shortage as well.
Also, after a while certain enterprise hardware ends up being worth a fortune as desperate IT guys try to buy stuff as spares for a critical system that haven't been upgraded for whatever reason.
Then there's stuff like Raspberry Pi's, though they aren't really a computer part per se. That being said, computer parts occasionally do sell used for more than their list price.
Is happening sadly.. ram prices are still stupid
And I thought the prices were a joke, but a AMD vega RX 64, was pricing between 1,100$ and 3,000$ 2/13/17