The classic Art of Electronics by Horowitz and Hill definitely taught this approach. It's considered to be a hard textbook for undergraduates, but is also a joy to read and study for pleasure.
A true testament that even in there modern days the principals taught are still solid.
Knowing a parameter in detail isn't nearly as important as knowing if that parameter matters in the scope of the final design.
The book is also pretty honest about that and goes to pretty good lengths to guide readers to deeper material if it's an area they want to understand in greater depth.