For Windows dev, Visual Studio as the IDE, VSCode as the text editor, Powershell running within Cmder, and any required git extensions for running on the command line like Posh Git.
For Linux dev, I have Debian installed on a VM in VirtualBox, and this workflow works pretty nicely for me. It can be a pain in the ass to get the Guest Additions set up, but once you've got the hang of it for your system it's not so bad.
For Node, I tend to side more with Linux than Windows, purely because I use a Mac at work. Node and Python work great with Windows, but I can't say I've ever tried nvm in Windows, so it'll be down to your personal workflow and whether you can translate that over. For me, Python works just as well on Windows as it does on Linux.