He's a rescue on a special diet for his weight, as we have a small scoop to measure out his portion. Both he and the other cat get two scoops each. I normally put one in his bowl -- which he starts eating immediately -- then two in the other cat's bowl, then his second in his bowl. He stops eating and watches each scoop being poured into the bowl.
He seems to be able to keep track/count of how many scoops each bowl gets, even if I vary the order they're delivered in. He'll switch to the other bowl if it gets an additional scoop, even if it gets one full scoop and two half scoops. He seems good at 'counting' the number of scoops, but poor at judging the quantity of kibble in the bowl -- he'll unfailingly pick the bowl with more scoops even if it has the same or slightly lower quantity of food in it. He only notices a quantity difference if it's reasonably large.