> Or do vegans often ponder the "ingredients" in everyday objects?
Yes.
> Is vaccinating your kids vegan? Are all vegans anti-vax?
There is certainly a lunatic anti-vax fringe. But no, not all vegans are like that, even though many vaccines contain animal derived products. I find this interesting: http://rvgn.org/2015/05/09/anti-vax-and-veganism/
> Are soaps, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, tires, and lubricants made with stearic acid and other beef products vegan?
No.
> Vegans for ethical reasons seem to only not want to consume a single part of the animal, but consume the rest, which is a pretty large portion, by weight.
No vegan I ever interacted with fit this description.
> And if you're eating organic food, isn't it more likely that your spinach was grown in a bath of bone meal, blood meal, fish meal?
Possible, but if everyone stopped eating those animals, the prices of these products would presumably make their use uneconomical, so promoting veganism would change this.
Though I admit I haven't heard vegans I know ever discuss this particular point. They are probably not aware of how the plants they eat are fertilized.