Distressingly, it turns out that antisocial punishment can evolve as easily as social punishment, and has done so in many societies: http://www.iaa.unisg.ch/org/few/web.nsf/SysWebRessources/Pub...
This is something of a hot topic in the economics/psychology are now - several new papers are out along the same lines, but most of them are still paywalled. I have a hunch that predispositions to act one way or the other will turn out to be strongly correlated with a person's perceptions of social mobility.
A large-scale (albeit stereotypical) example of what the OP is talking about is in the economics of labor relations, where an individual 'eager beaver' attitude and the collective goals of a union are somewhat at odds.