Neural Networks weren't really thought of very highly until CNNs started winning image recognition competitions in the early 2010's.
I think most people had the feeling that they were interesting tools to learn how the brain worked, but too slow and opaque to be practical statistical tools. I've been following Hinton for a while (because of Hinton and Shallice 1991), and my understanding is that it was really hard for him to get funding especially when he was just starting out.
The fact that so much of the work from the mid-80's to 2000 came from just a few labs should tell you how hard it was to get funding for that kind of research.