How a late-blossoming classics don became Britain’s most beloved intellectual
theguardian.com
theguardian.com
[1]: https://www.lrb.co.uk/contributors/mary-beard [2]: https://www.the-tls.co.uk/category/a-dons-life/
e.g. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2012/01/12/do-classics-have-...
https://medium.com/east-med-project-history-philology-and-ge...
And I can't tell what his actual point is! He furiously complains that the BBC and Mary Beard are "bullshitters" but I can't figure out exactly what corrections he wants made.
The UK intellectual sphere shouldn't misrepresent history to suit modern sensibilities.
Her academic credentials are the very reason why she got criticized for what she said. Saying that the BBC school video is accurate is an extraordinary claim. And as a historian you might want to back that up with some evidence.
> She wrote a good article about it here: > https://www.the-tls.co.uk/roman-britain-black-white/
In which she dwells on twitter bullying and provides zero evidence for her claims.
This is his default style as a polemicist and it distracts indeed from the points he is trying to make.
> And I can't tell what his actual point is!
The first 3 bullet points are his actual message. The rest is a reaction to some preceding drama on twitter.
His point is basically that Africans were a statistically insignificant subgroup among Romans in Brittain, and by adding them so prominently in a short animated cartoon for school children (who hardly know anything about antiquity) the BBC is performing historical revisionism.
He also casts doubt on the assumption that these Africans were black, pointing out that Northern Africa was inhabited by Berbers and Phoenicians.
> He furiously complains that the BBC and Mary Beard are "bullshitters" but I can't figure out exactly what corrections he wants made.
He wants scientific rigor to prevail over political correctness.
The reaction, and Beard's answer, was specifically about the family shown and not the narrow question of whether or not an Ethiopian conscript would have ever set foot in Roman Britain.
There is no reason to think that a few interracial marriages in Roman times would have left much of a trace in the modern genetic record. Surely no-one would get so up in arms about a cartoon that showed a Saxon married to a Norman, but we have no modern "genetic record" of this either. We know with a reasonable degree of certainty that interracial marriages existed in Roman Britain, often involving soldiers.
Talk about the "genetic record" might seem sciency sounding, but its really the historical evidence that's much more informative in this instance.
Beard seems to say, "it was possible that it could have happened, here are a few Ethiopians for instance that we know were in Roman Britain, for example".
Taleb seems to say "typical means what is likely to have happened 50% or more of the time; since there was no chance that Roman Britain had 50% of marriages with children that involved Ethiopians/Berbers/etc. thus Beard is very wrong"
So the reality is that we know there has been people here that are poorly reflected in the genetic record, and that makes it rather pointless to point to the genetic record to demonstrate the family in question is implausible.
In any case, what troubles me much more than whether or not the depiction is plausible is just how incredibly unprofessional and rude Talebs reaction was. If he wants honesty and a focus on the science, he should grow up and act professionally.
That "evidence" consist of one fleeting mention in a biography about Septimius Severus.
> For 101 reasons, the genetic evidence is not very informative, and certainly can't be used to justify that claim that Africans were a "statistically insignificant subgroup"
The lack of evidence (genetic or historical) puts an upper bound on the proportion of subsaharan Africans in Roman Britain that is several orders of magnitude lower than the BBC animated cartoon suggests.
> As Beard points out, even Norman DNA is not very well represented in the modern population, and we know for sure that plenty of Normans came over as a result of the Norman invasion.
For the presence of the Normans there is plenty of historical evidence. For the presence of subsaharan Africans there is just about nothing. So we should stick to the null hypothesis.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1464209/Borders-folk-...
>The lack of evidence (genetic or historical) puts an upper bound on the proportion of subsaharan Africans in Roman Britain
It does no such thing. Can you point to any reputable scholar who is prepared to state such an "upper bound"?
A unit of "Moors". Again, Mediterranean looking North Africans. Despite the misleading title.
> It does no such thing. Can you point to any reputable scholar who is prepared to state such an "upper bound"?
Of course not. The evidence is so thin it wasn't even up for useful scholarly debate.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/ingetjetadros/4603950662
The term "Moor" does not translate precisely to any modern ethnic term, and is perfectly compatible with dark skin. In fact, the article notes that "The unit is likely to have been composed of Berbers from North Africa, but may also have had darker-skinned soldiers from Nubia."
We do however know how far into Africa the Romans ventured (what is now Sudan) and what the ethnicity of the people living there was.
But as portrayed, it looks like there were more people from far flung areas than there were picts in the north.
In any event, it's interesting ironic in that its seen as progressive that an occupying force might have been slightly multi-ethnic, and this celebrated. The English in South Africa were also much more multi-ethnic in that they brought peoples from the Indian subcontinent and other places; let's celebrate that too, then.
We don't have many human remains from that period. So not really.
>But as portrayed
Portrayed where? Not sure what you mean by this.
>and this celebrated.
Who's celebrating it? I'm confused by your comment.
Ethiopians were black. The majority in ancient Rome were not like that, not even the majority of people in the northern Africa countries.
We have descriptions, from many sources, even before Herodotus, of what this or that country's people looked like. We also have actual depictions of populations in the various hellenistic, then Roman and Byzantine provinces in mosaics and other painted scenes.
And arguing about whether north Africans where "black" or not seems just odd is he gong to say Sub saharan African actors should not play Othello.
Was Libyan leader Gaddafi, black?
Also, nothing is "well known" about the skin color of populations thousands of years ago, for obvious reasons.
Perhaps the problem is that scientists are not particularly interested in skin colour, for which I wouldn't blame them.
Gaddafi was Bedouin, but their skin color varies greatly. I'll go out on a limb and assume that Gaddafi spent decades spending a lot less time outdoors in the sun than many other Bedouin would. Here is an example of a much darker Bedouin man [2]. Note, however, that the main Arabization of Libya happened after the Romans moved out.
Berber men in Morocco [3].
Ghurara Berbers in Algeria [4]
Toubou man - The Toubous traditional area stretch into Libya [5].
In case you would assume the Berbers whose main areas were in Southern Libya would not make it North, consider that Septimius Severus' hometown of Leptis Magna on the mediterranean coast was frequently raided by berbers until the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 7th century. During Septimius rule a whole Roman legion (Legio III Augusta) was stationed there to protect against Berber raids (the legion was also been stationed in present day Algeria for a long time)
Septimius also extended roman rule to Garama - one of the main homes of the Garamantes Berber people who shared Fezzan (the South West of Libya) with the Toubou, Arabs, Berbers, Tuareg and Dawada.
Here's a Dawada man [6].
Now, I'm not an expert on the region, and I don't know the exact mix of Roman Libya and other Roman holdings in North Africa at the time, but the above is enough to at least suggest that unless you are an expert (in which case I welcome sources), there is sufficient reason to at least not jump to the conclusion that there were no dark skinned Africans in Libya in Roman times on the basis of Gadaffi - a person from an ethnic group that most certainly had a far lower presence in Libya until after Roman times.
[1] https://www.flickr.com/photos/ingetjetadros/4603950662
[2] http://www.gotellitonthemountain.net/wp-content/uploads/2014...
[3] https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/photo/morocco-valley-of...
[4] https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HVIPE5t6qvM/TxCq_VzQpaI/AAAAAAAAA...
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toubou_people#/media/File:Toub...
[6] http://cache1.asset-cache.net/gc/148807060-tuareg-tribesman-...
He wants accuracy in historical depictions, not over-representation of (insignificant at the time and place) populations the way they do in stock photos to show how "diverse" a company is.
He also doesn't like the historical revisionism of considering all the people coming from Africa or called african in Roman years as black, whereas the whole northern Africa was full of white populations. Those were not Ethiopians, Nubians, etc...
It's bad that the English were racist and colonialists, but that's their problem. They don't get to say their "sorry" today (after the fact) to the black people, by washing out whole populations of Mediterranean people, that were actually there at the Roman era, because they want to feature more prominently some populations they put down.
Citation very much needed.
Besides, this couldn't be more racist towards Mediterranean people - perhaps they all look black to some. It wouldn't be the first time, mediterranean people (from Lebanese and Egyptians, to Italians, Greeks and Spanish) were also classified as "non-white" when immigrating into the US by racist WASP populations.
Of course it can have "brown skin". Egyptians, Tunisians, and co, including people in Souther Spain, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, the Middle East, and so, had, and still have brown skin, but are not black like e.g. Ethiopians (which ancients also describe), nor are depicted as such.
Edit: There is also archeological evidence for Romans with Sub Saharan ancestry reaching the UK. See e.g.
https://evoandproud.blogspot.com/2009/11/was-roman-britain-m...
Well, in Europe (and hopefully modern US) white includes the peoples not considered black (or asian etc).
Arabs for example are still white, Egyptians too, etc. Outside of racist circles were only WASPs or northern europeans were considered white (which was historically the case for most of the 20th century where white was hijacked for "northern European ancestry").
Egyptians for example, are also white. As are Arabs, middle eastern people, etc. But e.g. Ethiopians, or Ghana people are not (the majority of course, not that all citizens are not).
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/ancien...
http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/07/arabs-white...
Generally I'd say that the whiter the population is, the higher the barrier to entry, so to speak, to being considered 'white'.
Considering Libya where the Roman presence itself in the North quite possibly was quite light-skinned and where the elite under Roman rule likewise quite likely was white than average for the population, with a lot of people coming from elsewhere in the empire. But a lot of the rest of the population was berbers, which range from relatively light brown to the darkest sub-Saharan black.
We know that sub-Saharan berber groups went to the North, because we know that a whole Roman legion was stationed on the coast to repel raiders from the South.
But I don't think we do know how large a number of the Northern population was made up of Romans from elsewhere and lighter skinned berbers vs darker skinned berbers and/or other groups at any given point in time. If there is data on this, I'd love to see it.
Though we also know that the bedouin population that dominates the North of Libya today, largely came with the Muslim conquest in the 7th century, so modern day Libya is at the very least a very poor indicator of what it looked like 2000 years ago.
(focusing on Libya because Septimius Severus - one the persons mentioned in Beards response - was born in Libya, and because I've covered it in other comments)
“Accuracy” is not possible if your depict a smaller group then the whole, as any story (regardless of media; visual, text, or otherwise) that focusses on a small number of focal characters to illustrate something about broad society and time period will not accurately represent the composition of the broader society.
You either exclude lots that was present by focussing exclusively on the most common or overrepresent minorities that were present in the broad society by having them present at all in the small focal group, and in practical terms you end up doing some of each. But you can't losslessly compress history; you just have to choose what's appropriate for your purpose.
You're talking absolutes, which is neither possible, not the point.
If taking any random sample of 3 people in e.g. Roman Britain, you had e.g. in 1/1000 chances of having a black person among them, then showing 3 persons and having 1 be black is not a representative picture. It's that simple.
This shouldn't even be an argument, since history over-represents minorities all the time. It's not a mystery as to why. Trade and war have a couple of things in common. They feature prominently in histories because they are a catalyst for change, and they are practiced as often as not by "minorities" - ethnic, religious, racial, etc.
Tell a history well (or poorly) or try to make some kind of historical point and it is likely you are going to be talking about minorities. Over-representing them, to be sure. Taleb knows all this, and his recommendations regarding written histories have been pretty good. Regarding this thing, he was just being a combative douche. (or he has some other goofy racial agenda, as some have speculated... who knows)
I'd argue a large reason we're having this discussion at all is exactly because the idea of black people in Britain at that time is surprising to a lot of people, exactly because a lot of people have an image of the Romans as being mostly white Italians to the point where seeing a black character at all is a surprise, rather than out of concern that they're not accurately representing the precise proportions.
Having been married to a Nigerian woman, I've also experienced plenty of racism: Whenever I went to gatherings with her where most people were black, such as weddings etc, as "the white one" I was on one hand regularly fussed over to and extent none of the other men were. While everyone was always friendly, it was extremely embarrassing to be treated that way, but parts of West Africa still has a tendency to elevate white people (e.g. I more than once was told I should take my family to Nigeria, as lots of companies would pay high salaries to get a white person in an important position), and on the other hand I more than once overhead racist comments directed at Caribbeans and African Americans - believe it or not, but there's a segment of West Africans (I don't know about elsewhere) that see Caribbeans and African Americans as inferior. Their justification being that they're descendants of "people who were to dumb to escape the slave traders".
I'm not suggesting that these views reflect Talebs views - I have no idea if he's racist or just contrarian.
Just pointing out that not being of paler European origin does not in any way preclude people from holding messed up racist views. Even about your own ethnic groups in some cases - people manage to find ways of defining themselves out of whichever group they hold negative views about.
– "An exploration of life in Roman Britain shown through the eyes of a typical family." http://i.imgur.com/tg25juJ.jpg
– Sub-Saharan Celts http://i.imgur.com/WSHbj36.png
– A Sub-Saharan English Nobleman, 1215AD http://i.imgur.com/Y5WFtXO.png
– A North-African Norman priest http://i.imgur.com/5JHBzMN.png
– A Sub-Saharan blacksmith, Iron Age Britain http://i.imgur.com/XptrQDP.png
This is far from an isolated incident. Since then, the channel also casted SA Achilles, Zeus and Aeneas (the ancestor of Romulus and Remus).
And don't get me started on the talking animals. British zoological research is unlikely to ever recover if they can't get basic details like that right.
But what does "don" mean on this context? It's repeatedly used, but not explored or explained.
That may well be in the higher echelons. I never heard about such at universities in Australia, Norway and Denmark.
Wikipedia says that a 'don' would apply to a 'fellow' or 'tutor'.
> Don: A professor, a lecturer or a Fellow.
https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/history/oxford-gloss...
Not Brian Cox? Not David Attenborough?
Please let's keep HackerNews free of the media's usual hyperbolic nonsense.
(There's an interesting sub-discussion to be had here on what "intellectual" means in English public life and why it's not a popular category)
Favouring Brian Cox over Mary Beard is rather STEM-centric. He may be more your cup of tea, but I'm pretty sure that my wife, for example (who has a shelf of Mary Beard books) has never heard of him.
Second, even considering the title alone, it's a trivial phrase, that is not supposed to mean much aside that she is among the most popular public intellectuals in Britain. Nobody put out a love-o-meter and measured who the "most beloved intellectual" is with a precision to judge who is #1 or #5 or anything.
Lastly, the denotation "intellectual" here is not meant to be about the hard sciences, I'd say. They'd say "scientist" if that was the case.
How this relates to Hacker news? I believe it should be Techne focused and not Epistme focused.
The HN guidelines are pretty clear on what is considered on-topic:
> "On-Topic: Anything that good hackers would find interesting. That includes more than hacking and startups. If you had to reduce it to a sentence, the answer might be: anything that gratifies one's intellectual curiosity."
https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
Also from the guidelines:
> "Please don't complain that a submission is inappropriate. If a story is spam or off-topic, flag it. Don't feed egregious comments by replying; flag them instead. If you flag something, please don't also comment that you did."
> "If you think a submission or comment is inappropriate for HN, you can flag or downvote."