The Perl 6 answer to almost all such questions is simply "Yes". It is an incredible mess. Whether it is a glorious mess is something that we are finally coming up on the ability to determine.

It has optional static typing:

    > sub f(Int $x) { $x + 1 }
    sub f (Int $x) { #`(Sub|140221097113944) ... }
    > sub g(Str $x) { f($x) }
    ===SORRY!=== Error while compiling:
    Calling f(Str) will never work with declared signature (Int $x)

It's gradually typed. Which means there are dynamic type checks, and optional static type declarations as well.

If the compiler can prove the outcome of a type check at compile time, it can throw a type error or optimize out the runtime check, depending on the outcome.