I would be absolutely shocked if Apple did not already have MacBook-level ARM cores running macOS in their development labs. Just as Apple had OSX running on Intel hardware for years while developing/selling PPC.
I think there's a very good chance we see a MacBook form factor laptop running an ARM chip in the next few years. I'd buy one, having a laptop with multi-day battery life would be awesome. I don't need super performance on my MacBook.
That being said Apple might find x86 emulation useful too.
Intel seems to be way above everyone in pushing performance/TDP. Apple might have comparable CPU's in iPhones, but they are only comparable for first 10 seconds - then they overheat and throttle. If we put good cooling on their CPU's then you have TDP in 15+ watt class which means poor battery life regardless of who made the CPU (Intel or Apple).
The only reason why all of this works with iOS in a first place is super insane power awareness on OS level: as soon as an app is not in view it basically stops almost all work (except for background handlers), and also their browser capabilities are very limited. To achieve 20h+ class of performance on laptops we either must accommodate the same principles (but hey that will probably kill almost any background web apps, like soundcloud) or invent better battery tech :(
Then you have to realize on Intel's roadmap, there is nothing substantial changes in the next two years at those TDP SKUs apart from 10nm. While Apple already has A11x lined up and 7nm from TSMC. First time Apple and Intel SoC has Fab features size parity.
https://www.digitaltrends.com/laptop-reviews/hp-envy-x2-2017...
I think the smartphone market shows that multi-day battery life is not something the average person will trade a decrease in device performance for. And that's on phones, where you also don't have much practical opportunity to use the device plugged in, unlike a macbook. I'd be really surprised to see this tradeoff made on macbooks.
Apple wouldn't use the technology for a multi-day battery life, they'd use it to make the laptop thinner/lighter (they've already started making MBP batteries smaller than they need be, leaving empty space in the case)