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Comment by kazinator | Hacker News Reader

Big-endian means that am ultra-high-speed routing fabric can receive the most significant part of an address address and possibly start making a routing decision before the other bytes of the frame have arrived.

Hands down no brainer.

Even the fact that headers come before payloads is a kind of "big endian", as is the fact that important information tends to occur earlier in headers. Look at a basic Ethernet frame. The destination address is first, so before even knowing the source address, or anything else, the switch can know where that frame will be sent.

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Maybe that mattered on serial connections, but on a 10Gbit switch you're talking nonsense.

No, cut-through mode for packet forwarding (including on layer 3 prefix matches!) is a feature in current use on L2/3 10/40/100Gb switches, primarily in HFT/HPC environments.

It's my understanding that this works with the complete address, not just the first byte, where it begins processing before the whole frame is received.

On 100Gbit you're talking 0.01ns per bit, so 0.32ns for a full IPv4 address. This compared to, potentially, 15.24ns for a complete IPv4 frame.

Nevertheless; header before payload is a kind of "higher level big endian".

Err, no.

Only if all you care about is that 10Gbit is a lot of throughput, and latencies don't bother your application.

If a 10Gbit network is being used precisely because 1Gbit didn't have sufficiently low latency, then it matters.

But more than that, the encoding used in 10GBASE-T doesn't allow decoding individual bytes. For the usual copper standard, it's 4 pairs with 7 bits per symbol, and the skew between lanes means you can't count on corresponding symbols arriving at the same time. And then there's a reed-solomon block code to correct errors, which has to be decoded all at once. The optical standards use 64b/66b coding, which means you receive blocks of 66 bits and decode 64 out of them (which prevents having too many zeros in a row which can disrupt timing.)

No one who cares about latency even has 10GBASE-T hardware, because it introduces a vast amount of coding latency. It is also very power inefficient.

Right, it's probably even "chatty", too and "won't scale".

Yeah, it's extremely unlikely that a high-speed serial phy would even expose a primitive word size any smaller than 32 bits. Byte-by-byte decoding is extraordinarily difficult at these data rates.

It absolutely matters for low-latency applications. Maybe not your use case, but it's not nonsense.

It's nonsense when talking about bytes. As others have pointed out, most switches/routers work with chunks of 16-64 bytes at a time, not singles.

> Look at a basic Ethernet frame. The destination address is first

Perhaps the biggest mistake of IPv6 was copying IPv4's header order of source followed by destination. It would have been better if the destination address came before the source address in the header.

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