It is a classic example of the winner's curse[1]. If Amazon is auctioning off the HQ for tax breaks, the government that wins is likely going to overestimate the value that winning the bid will provide. Those odds greatly increase when you throw in the fact that governments have misaligned incentives. Most politicians will choose the continuation of their career over the good of the people they govern. "Winning the Amazon bid" might be enough to get a politician elected to a higher position long before any economic reprecussions are felt. You see this same scenario play out all the time when public money is used to build sports stadia.