Secure Scuttlebutt is a database protocol for unforgeable append-only message feeds.
"Unforgeable" means that only the owner of a feed can update that feed, as enforced by digital signing (see Security properties). This property makes Secure Scuttlebutt useful for peer-to-peer applications. Secure Scuttlebutt also makes it easy to encrypt messages.
https://scuttlebot.io/more/protocols/secure-scuttlebutt.html
SSB is deliberately “against consensus”, which makes it useless as a trustless decision-making tool. So I take your point that this property of Stellar seems to make Stellar useless for its stated purpose. (I haven't read the paper, so I may be very wrong.)
No.
If you’re worried about it, read the linked paper. The mechanics (and assumptions) are covered in painstaking detail.