US GDP per capita is nearly three times that of Taiwan, incomes are likewise far higher.
It's equivalent to comparing costs in Switzerland versus Czech and being surprised that Switzerland is so much higher.
Having said that it's not just the income of doctor. Healthcare administration is expensive in the USA. Many doctors offices spend a non insignificant amount of money on just the billing, collection, insurance administration. The health insurance system as we naturally ended up with sucks up a non insignificant amount of money out of the system. It also leads to these weird distortions where every insured procedure is discounted to the insurance agency like 75%... But not if you deal direct.
Additionally, operational insurance (malpractice indurance) is another non-insignificant contributor. Our culture and our legal system ensure that many doctors practices will pay a multiple of a practitioners salary in malpractice and related salary.
If we want cheaper healthcare all of these need to be addressed one way or another. I am not hopeful that we can escape this local maxima that we're stuck in. Every attempt at change will be meet with fierce opposition from the current status quo.