But that won't scale because the public won't have time to study every case that occurs. Maybe instead we could have specific people whose job it is to analyze cases and make judgements. And maybe each case could be assigned a few people to study it and help the judge decide...
And then what? The criminals will simply tell Coca cola to send it again and be more quiet about it this time.
No, it wouldn't. First of all, it is obvious that there will be no consensus. And even if there was consensus it would be very challenging to do because deploying a hardfork takes time while criminal could transfer his money before the hardfork to a different address.
There are several fully-anonymous altcoins in use today. The crooks would use one of those instead.
What is the guarantee that some random extortionist is going to stop just cause you sent them money?
The chance that someone would send him money a second time is very small, and the act of terrorism comes with risk of getting caught. If the extortionist is in it for the money, it doesn't make sense to continue the same scheme. It might make sense to start a new scheme, however.
If there's a consensus that allows for a clawback then entire premise of bitcoin is out of the window.