I think the difference is that in the US you are allowed to turn right (in many cases) on red. Here in Germany it generally isn't allowed, so bikes have right of way over traffic turning / crossing over the bike lane
Yes it's almost always the case.
Our intersections are designed a bit different from yours. In ours the stoplights are placed a bit before the intersection, compared to your lights in the intersection, or right after it. This doesn't invite to right-on-red as you do not have that clear of an overview of the incoming traffic from left.
[1]: https://www.thelocal.de/userdata/images/article/2a9465965ec3...