Apple's Growing Bet on Hardware
aboveavalon.com
aboveavalon.com
As this commoditization happens over time, hardware also seems to reach a point of just being good enough. You can see this today with people deciding that their iPhone 6 is good enough and they don't need an iPhone X.
Apple obviously realizes this and is trying to diversify its revenue with increased growth in its services area, but a lot of those services are directly tied to its iPhone. If people buy fewer new iPhones that is bad for Apple, and if people buy a cheaper competitors' phone that is doubly bad for Apple because it doesn't get services revenue from that person either.
Good enough. That's the key. I too didn't replace my 6s Plus. Because it does all the things I need. And runs all the apps I use (Evernote, browser, photos, many more).
Real hardware companies are mostly in China, Taiwan. (Such as Foxconn.) Except some advanced microchip foundries.