I can pay for high resolution images of every walMart in the US- Use math- estimate foot traffic- estimate average sales per person- I can estimate profitability of Walmart. Let's say it's a good quarter. I buy a bunch of Walmart stock - they then disclose quarterly earnings- investors see the good numbers- the share price goes up. My position is long-I sell. Profit.

edit: obviously many steps of this process can use machine learning in general and deep learning in particular

For starters satelitte images can help infer crop farm size and health and use it as one of the many signals to predict corelated stocks.

i think some firms buy analyses of imagery to predict oil market movements by looking at whether oil storage containers are empty or full. could probably imagine doing similar things in other commodities markets (corn etc)