Of course. Lies on your CV are committing fraud.
If you ask me what my favorite food is and I say Fish (when it is really Pizza), I did not commit fraud.
If I testify before a court and lie, I commit a specific offense (perjury).
It is not actually clear to me what lying on a CV is in the United States. It may actually depend if you are applying to a government agency vs McDonalds....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraud
"Although elements may vary by jurisdiction and the specific allegations made by a plaintiff who files a lawsuit that alleged fraud, typical elements of a fraud case in the United States are that:
1.) somebody misrepresents a material fact in order to obtain action or forbearance by another person,
2.) the other person relies upon the misrepresentation, and
3.) the other person suffers injury as a result of the act or forbearance taken in reliance upon the misrepresentation."
Example lie:
I'm CCNA certified.
1.) Yes
2.) Yes (I'm hired)
3.) The company loses a government contract after finding out that I'm not actually CCNA certified, and the bid required all engineers on the project are CCNA certified (alternately, I completely screw up the routers and take the companies infrastructure out of the global routing tables)
Basically, if the company relies on the lie to hire you, and then later suffers an injury from that lie, then a fraud has been committed.
Note that it works both ways[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employment_fraud]
5) Sue the company?
But I'm not a lawyer, so I could be wrong.