Babies who get more cuddles have their genetics changed for years, study shows
sciencealert.com
sciencealert.com
I have understood that epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene function without changes in the genome. Change in gene expression even if it last the rest of the life of an individual not epigenetic change. But even university press release says otherwise.
What I'm missing?
And now, the whole story is becoming even more confusing because those base modifications also happend in RNA (transcribed DNA) which lead to the term epitranscriptomics, which to be honstest, has nothing to do anymore with inheritance, it is just about how a RNA molecule interacts with other cell processes.
As someone who has been involved in multiple longitudinal studies, although not in epigenetics, I can say that they are more expensive.
In terms of what I said about prior evidence, I was coming from a cognitive psych background where we do not typically deal with record-based data. We deal with participants directly. It is expensive and time consuming. Longitudinal studies usually follow cross-sectional evidence.
Between the cell's nucleus, where complex enzymes transcribe to RNA in a chemical process, resulting in gene expression, that concludes with the construction of proteins, your claim is that high stress at early developmental moments, not only has no long term effect, but no effect at all?
It sounds like you've conducted a study. Is your sample size N=1 where 1 equals you?
There are multiple reasons that could have happened: one is that the scientists didn't think of it (which to me would undermine their credibility as it is really obvious as a possibility), a second is that this study was much cheaper and they weren't sure there would be a correlation at all (so now there is enough evidence to warrant a better study), and a third is that they didn't care about "why" and were only interested in "that".
To the scientist's credit, the article quotes them as saying that they don't know the cause, which is great, and they say "too early" so they might intend to keep going. To their discredit, they gave enough of an explanation based on stuff they weren't sure of to the reporter to guide it to the point where the headline is just guesswork, not real science.
On the other hand, you certainly... and apparently the scientists :/... are simply assuming your explanation and then using a study that is incapable of discerning the the difference between these two hypotheses to dismiss the idea, which is clearly not OK.
[I am sorry if someone saw a draft of this comment or if it appeared under the wrong parent for a moment: I was having issues replying on my iPhone today :/.]
Not at all. What I am saying is a standard criticism of overhyped epigenetics studies which follows from the lazy design which does not control for very large known confounds (pretty much all effects are smaller in a within-family comparison) or actually demonstrate it's not reverse causation, which as in OP results in such wild overhyping of causal implications. This is as much 'zero effort' as noting, of the latest nutrition study claiming that fat (or carbs, or red meat, or protein, or milk, or eggs, or...) will definitely kill you, that the methods simply do not work for what they are claimed to prove. If you find the criticisms tiresomely cliche & predictable, that's an indictment of the researchers or funders, not the criticisms. (I know I find it tiresome to point out the same problems every time and respond to comments shocked that correlation!=causation, or that most human traits are heritable, or that p-values mean nothing interesting, estimates are inflated by publication bias, one shouldn't control for intermediate variables, gains fade out etc. I suppose I do it out of stubborn perversity. I keep resolving not to get into arguments about these things, and keep failing.)
It has been demonstrated many times that epigenetics are heritable, affected by gene-environment correlations, and are not themselves causal for many outcomes they have been claimed to be but passive indicators of environment; so OP is, at best, possible but not probable and the speculation that the epigenetics changes will have any causal effects later on to be taken with considerable skepticism... (as they are more likely to simply indicate the manifestation of the childrens' genes as inherited from their parents). Epigenetics is of tremendous biological interest as it is often how genetics exerts its effects, but unfortunately, that's not what people want epigenetics to be. You may remember the scientific reaction to Siddhartha Mukherjee's New Yorker article on epigenetics last year which similarly took likely-confounded & reverse causation epigenetics claims at face value.
Since expression of these tags result from external influences, I don't see what the relevance is. Can you explain? How does inheritance of these epigenetic tags, unexpressed, contradict the article?
If DNA methylation happens while cuddling, would this always be a good thing for the baby (e.g. one of the parents has a genetic disease)?
And this is the crux of the matter.
I don't doubt that children who are being cuddles more could have their genetics changed. Whether it actually has an effect on their prospects later in life I highly doubt.
Looks like actual experts in the field disagree with you. [1]
Also, deny a child affection and you have a mentally ill adult. Sadly, there is now an entire generation of parents who have been advertised things like the "cry-out" method. [2]
[1] http://developingchild.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/0...
[2] https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/192222.Solve_Your_Child_...
For sleep training? It’s a somewhat rough 2-7 nights when they’re in the 8-12 week age range, or way, way worse later and a ton of bad nights until then. Probably some kids don’t take to it, but that’s true of anything you try. We’re 3-for-3 on it, with the worst taking three nights. A+++++, would not accustom my kids to someone coming in and rescuing them from learning how to chain REM cycles every time they wimper again. Only way I’ve seen it go wrong with ours or with friends’ kids is 1) inconsistency on the part of the parents, or 2) illness getting in the way.
Having traveled a bit in Northern Africa, I noticed baby sleep problems are virtually non-existent there. They do what humans have done for eons: co-sleeping and breastfeeding. They do it so naturally, mothers are never fully awake while they breastfeed during the night (wife had to sleep in a room full of women and children on several occasions).
Biologically, this makes a lot more sense than giving the signal to the most immaturely born placental mammal that she can't rely on the mother's care.
Denmark sends their kids to nursery school early too and because many women work full time there it means most children aren't with their parent's for a long duration of the day (used ot be much earlier).
What you think about it morally isn't interesting to me. Unless you can prove it's somehow making them worse of then my original position is intact.
Leaving babies to cry or separating them from their mothers for extended periods of time is primarily a health issue which I believe should concern society. [1][2][3] Unfortunately, it fits our economic model very well -- so there is that.
[1] http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.432...
[2] https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psyc...
If you want it to concern society perhaps first you need to make clear what it is you are trying to avoid.
I don't see any evidence which proves some larger societal problem.
However, saying "unless you can prove it" shows ignorance. Not everything is known. Lack of proof does not indicate a hypothesis' invalidity. and I'm not aware of solid proof against it either.
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
With modern insight it seems more likely that moms somewhere on the autism spectrum themselves were being blamed because they seemed odd to neurotypical medics.
My dad is likely autistic, so there's the link for me. I don't know him at all, but genetics are a whacky little code system and I've magically taken a liking to electronics and computers with the same degree of passion that he supposedly applies to his work with ham radio! I was raised in a highly artistic community, and although I have developed a decent creative ability and do art as a hobby, my career path is in maths and computer science. Interesting!
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/autism-it-s-diffe...
"Early-Experiences-Can-Alter-Gene-Expression-and-Affect-Long-Term-Development.pdf"
http://developingchild.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/0...
"In children, we think slower epigenetic ageing could reflect less favourable developmental progress"
(I literally only read the first two sentences)