Phoenix is amazing but productivity wise I haven't seen it get near the productivity levels you can get with Rails. Other developers I've spoken to say the same thing. This is even more true with the more recent release of Phoenix 1.3 encouraging the use of contexts. I think it's a good pattern to extract to once you have more knowledge about your application but trying to think about it up-front has slowed development speed down and has been hit or miss on whether or not the context was "correct". https://hexdocs.pm/phoenix/contexts.html
I think Rails and Phoenix have a heavily overlapping place in web development but my personal tl;dr is that Rails is great for getting shit done and Phoenix is great for scaling, especially when it comes to websockets.