Goroutines, as well as the image package, are well suited to parallel operations on bitmap data right out of the bag. From simple texture synthesis routines such as sine-wave plasma generation or mandelbrot set fractals. To advanced state-of-the-art techniques like super-resolution image enhancement and frequency domain analysis. Golang is great for image science. Especially parallel operations on separable kernels.
And it makes for a fun exercise as well ;)
Can you recommend any language agnostic resources or really anything else that would help me get started in exploring this as a potential exercise idea?
I know from reading many programming books and blog posts over the years that this is a popular topic. However, if you go down this route, please try to provide an alternative exercise which doesn't rely on visual elements to make its point. Speaking as a blind coder, image processing might be all about the numbers, but when you can't see the result of the code you've written or even conceptually understand the idea it tends to take the wind out of your sails.