As long as the new minimum still clears the market and all spaces are still filled (I think they would be), all this bill does is replace the pool of H1-B visas awarded with a higher-paying one.
The quote "It also could disrupt the marketplace, threaten thousands of US jobs, and stifle US innovation" would only make sense if one would expect that lower-paid workers on average contribute more to US innovation, and are less likely to displace Americans. I would predict the opposite, or at least no effect. One might hope that the people companies are willing to pay top dollar for are the higher skilled ones that companies have trouble hiring enough of in the US.
It's interesting that the bill is a half-measure in that it doesn't take the idea to its logical conclusion and eliminate the lottery and sort applications by salary and take the top N, but I imagine that would be politically unpopular.
I think you could possibly argue against this bill perhaps for some kind of fairness reasons, but I think the arguments quoted don't make sense.