How about something that I believe is true, for which I have evidence, but which is not actually true?
Can I just write 'terrorist?' instead of 'terrorist' next to a person?
Can I just write 'terrorist?' instead of 'terrorist' next to a person?
"He is a terrorist." = claimed fact. Contravention, if false!
"He is a terrorist.", about a person during trial = claimed fact, contravention until the verdict, no matter how the verdict will be!
"He is a terrorist.", about a convicted terrorist = claimed fact, true, no contravention.
"I believe, he is a terrorist." = opinion
"I have evidence, that he is a terrorist." = claimed fact. Contravention, if false!
"For me, he is a terrorist, even though he was acquitted." = opinion
"All soldiers are murderers." = opinion (obviously false fact, but in an abstract, hyperbolic metaphoric way, no contravention - there has been actual trial about this in Germany).
"Soldier Frank Miller is a murderer, because all soldiers are murderers." = claimed fact, but with an obviously stupid reasoning, edge case.
"All refugees are terrorists" = claimed fact, but obviously false and therefore possibly hyperbolic metaphoric, edge case.
"All Syrian refugees are terrorists" = claimed fact, obviously false, but targeted at an ethnic group, possible hate speech and sedition.
It is a very complicated matter. Courts are dealing with this topics every day with sometimes very surprising results.