That "throwaway" computation ensures the integrity & correctness of the blockchain, all while confirming new transactions.
Other proof of work algorithms could concurrently secure the block chain and also provide direct, external benefit. There are some suggestions elsewhere in this thread. :)
Then the only point of contention is whether the benefit of this secure network existing and what it gives the world outweighs the cost of the resources consumed.
I believe it is, by a large amount.