Not just can, but have been and are. Clojure is one of those languages (like SmallTalk) where, even if it's not the most "successful" or "popular" language in the long run, it has had an oversized impact on how we program in general.
I even remember using VLists (work by Philip Bagwell, that probably inspired the data structures in clojure) in 2006, and I am not even a programmer.
So they end up being almost as fast as their normal mutable counterparts, and with similar and sometimes better memory consumption, because nothing is ever copied under the hood.
This allows them to be good enough to be made the default datastructures. Clojure was the first to make this gamble, and show that the state of the art immutable datastructures mostly pioneered by Bagwell were practical and could replace immutable ones for the 99% use cases.