Social Media Endangers Knowledge
wired.com
wired.com
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:CiPHPerCoder
Created an account, created a barebones skeleton user page just to make the red text link go away, immediately flagged for special deletion. Even when the person agreed with my point, their tone was mildly hostile and lectury.
(Epilogue: I ended up not really contributing much since then simply because of how I was greeted.)
Behavior like this drives new contributors away.
If you write quality, researched articles on topics beyond those belonging to common knowledge and pop culture, your Wikipedia experience will be very pleasant. Since the HN readership is skews educated and technical, they are very well-equipped to write such articles.
Yes, that's how you a) loose a lot of potential contributors and b) make sure existing material stays bad. And I bet there's a gang of bureaucrats specialized on pouncing on articles by newbies as well (which is understandable, if you take a look through newly created articles there is a noticeable amount of spam there. But if they hit the wrong person with the wrong tone, that's another contributor lost)
I still contribute to Wikipedia, but seldom more than a spelling/grammar fix or improved links or something like that. These things tend to be left alone, and if they aren't I haven't wasted much effort.
this is clearly untrue, and we know it because of all the people who tell us they have a fucking awful experience as soon as they try to edit anything.
That's all fine and well, but I literally only created an account and got attacked. I wasn't even given the opportunity to contribute yet.
Unless your intent was to imply that I'm unwilling or incapable of writing quality, researched articles on topics beyond those belonging to knowledge and pop culture, your comment does not logically follow from the stated problem.
I'll note that you did not attempt to deny, retract, amend, or correct this interpretation after being presented with it, which leaves me to believe that was your intent all along.
In which case: No, that's not acceptable. Personal attacks do not belong on HN, let alone baseless ones.
Logical structure of your original post, in your voice:
A.P0: If existing editors behave poorly toward new editors, it will drive new editors away.
A.P1: Existing editors are behaving poorly toward new editors, based on my anecdotal supporting evidence.
A.C: Existing editors are driving away new editors with their poor behaviour.
Logical structure of my reply, in my voice:
B.P0: Existing editors behave poorly toward newcomers in certain domains such as common knowledge and pop culture.
B.P1: Existing editors don't behave poorly toward newcomers in domains such as creation of new technical articles, based on my anecdotal supporting evidence.
B.P2: Many HN readers have the capability to write new technical articles.
B.C: HN readers will not experience poor behaviour from existing editors if they use their knowledge to write new technical articles.
Logical structure of first reply, in your voice:
C.P0: It is possible you are implying I am unwilling/incapable of writing quality researched Wikipedia articles.
C.P1: If you were not implying C.P0, then your reply does not logically follow (ed. note: probably meant "address" rather than "logically follow") from conclusion A.C.
Logical structure of my reply, in my voice:
(clarifying restatement of previous)
Logical structure of your second reply, in your voice:
E.P0: Since you did not explicitly assuage my concerns in C.P0, my concerns are valid.
E.P1: If my C.P0 concerns were valid, that constitutes a personal attack.
E.P2: Personal attacks are unacceptable on HN.
E.C: Your reply to me was unacceptable.
Now that we have a nice pseudo-logical representation of our conversation, I hope all ambiguity is cleared up. Anyway, your propositions C.P1 and E.P0 are both incorrect.
Here's where your logic falls apart: B.P1 is demonstrably false, in at least one occurrence. (i.e. Mine, where the hostility existed irrespective of my writing skills or the value of my potential contributions, or the lack thereof, because they were acting with zero information which shows their tendencies. If you've already established social capital, you're part of their in-group and therefore will not be attacked.)
But from the overall tone of the other comments here, and the sheer upvote/downvote ratio of my top-level comment, it's probably not a rare event.
I didn't think you overlooked this detail. I misinterpreted your statements as a personal attack based on the fact that I already explicitly made this clear and you appeared to have enough mastery of the English language to possess basic reading comprehension. But clearly I was wrong somewhere.
I apologize for giving you too much credit.
Hopefully spelling it out here, again, makes it clearer. If not, there's no point continuing this conversation because it's only going to get nasty.
*People who are not experts in a technical field writing entirely new pages on technical subjects are nobodies, and so do not count as "anyone."
I have been attacked multiple times on wikipedia trying to add useful information. Even when I cite all the rules and how I am following them, my edits get reversed "because".
I run a separate wiki, and many, many people are hesitant to contribute because they think wikis suck because of bad experiences with the politics of wikipedia.
I wonder if such experience of editing would be better or worse. My guess is that you can't avoid the political nature of collaborative website where users can impact other users contributions.
"You're wasting literally tens of kilobytes on that narcissistic two line bio of yours young man. Moderator! Moderator! Please delete this."
As the number of contributors grow, and as Wikipedia progressively moves from a no information recorded, to a most information recorded state, we would actually expect contributor growth to fall.
Additionally, with the increase of the "great unwashed" online for lack of a better term, yes, the density of intellectual and worthwhile thought online goes down. But does that matter, or more accurately, is that cause for concern over and above the general phenomenon of an "appearance" focused culture? Does social media cause, or merely reflect the values of our underlying culture?
What I do know is that I have been born into a time where I have the most access to knowledge of any human civilization ever. I can download Wikipedia. I have e readers. I don't even need to pay the university any more because I have so much access to libraries, knowledge and communication and computation.
While I am of course concerned about our societies values and their consequences, it is hard for me to take seriously the concern on the face of it that social media is destroying knowledge, when it is available in amount, redundancy and accessibility in greater amounts than it ever has been before. Period.
Perhaps there is also some anxiety on the separation of knowledge from the "appearance of knowledge" industry as well :p
I agree that that's not an assault on knowledge itself.
This is true, but I also believe Wikipedia is beset by the Iron Law of Bureaucracy. Over time, the meaning of "an encyclopedia anyone can edit" has shifted from "you can just go and contribute what you know!" to "write what you want, but it'll just get removed unless you spend lots of time learning our rules."
You have more access to text, not necessarily knowledge. Knowledge requires active construction through application, debate, and participation. The internet is the perfect medium for constructing software knowledge for obvious reasons, but what about something like economics? On the internet, there are endless supplies of really terrible misunderstandings of core economics principles floating around that, for someone starting out, look and sound no different than the real thing. What about the construction of new knowledge? Social media's mechanism seems to be based exclusively on hot takes. How enlightening or instructive do you think that is?
There is a great amount of information available today compared to before - all else held constant.
All else is not constant. Assumptions on signal vs noise have been upended and getting to good information to an average person is now perhaps more of a task than before.
Given an average joe, none of them will be on the level of informational awareness as a member of HN.
They will not know or try to check the links on a Wikipedia page, be aware of various turf wars, or the credibility of a page.
This is if they approach a page directly, as opposed to being diverted or distracted from information.
In short- by measures both malicious, intentional and accidental, signal is now swamped with more noise than ever before.
So I disagree with that statement as it is true only in a general, unspecific and intractable sense.
(The rule of thumb is that all noise is signal to someone, and a lot of this is signal for our hindbrains which are better customers than our rational, non-impulsive minds.)
We live in a wonderful age full of lots of information, but we're all pretty poor at sorting it, and the informatoin we do receive tends to be less about informing and more about persuading. I occasionally see the discussion threads from our Marketing/Sales guys and I see the "fightcards" they pass back and forth with highlights for winning out over competing products; while I see the value in a sales situation, I can't help but see many similarities in think pieces and the fightcards, in that they don't aim to provide deep and indepth information on any particular subject, they're meant to be highly persuasive towards a specific idea while diminishing another. I understand this in a competitive sales situation, I suppose - you're more or less fighting memes and myths from someone else, so you fight back with the same since the audience doesn't understand the raw data anyways, or the raw data is incredibly subjective. But for Thinktanks or other such outlets, I think this is an incredibly dishonest way of discussing and presenting information, regardless of the source behind it. Infographics, ByTheNumbers, AtAGlance, all such methods are just coy tricks to avoid actual data and instead present an opinion as fact. We see it with various news media too where the authors conflate the number of references with validity, and you end up with news blogs where every other word is referenced or a link to a reference, and the references often contain so much information there's no reasonable way you could validate even one of them in time before the article has taken off as viral.
We are drowning in information and poor information sharing in general - even when you have the cognizance to know to check things like the history behind how a piece of information was assembled, there often is just too much data for any one person to sort effectively, and tracing such data to a reliable source is darn near impossible.
Our major media outlets failed us the moment they decided to try competing with clickbait headlines and rapid, poorly researched stories, and we failed them when we started falling for it hook, line, and sinker. Media outlets should be on the ball with cameras and people and concise reporting, but the actual information should be the result of slow, intentional, cumbersome, and concretrated effort. We luckily still see this a lot from magazines, luckily enough, but the rest is pretty dire.
For example, there are technical subjects where a very long page has been maintained and evolved for years despite presenting a fundamental misunderstanding of the subject and despite various comments in the corresponding talk page by people who apparently did understand the problem. Trendy topics on technology seem to be particularly bad for this, as you can easily get a page dominated by young, inexperienced contributors who only learned a buzzword in a particular narrow context, with no idea of the history, original motivation, or more general application of the underlying idea.
True, but it's an absurdly strong statement to say that WP has anywhere near "most information" recorded. I find at least 2 or 3 times a week a need to find out more about some topic where WP has no entry on it.
Bonus for links to your thoughts on how to fork and expand another order of magnitude. This is something I'd love to work on at some point.
> Wikipedia was a fruit of this garden. So was Google search and its text-based advertising model....They effectively democratized the ability to contribute to the global corpus of knowledge.
Google completely changed how people access information, true, but they also did way more to centralize the web than almost any other company, ever. That's not the best news for objective knowledge. Yet they get a pass while "social media" gets indicted with an anecdote about narcissism on Instagram?
At the time of this writing, searches related to The Walking Dead are the top trending ones. You need to present some much more compelling evidence that social media is behind this shift away from "knowledge," and that Google is somehow not, for me to believe they're not just as much part of the Spectacle.
All that is to say that this article takes too narrow a focus, and misses the larger point because of it. The web isn't the solution or the response to the Spectacle: it's a natural extension of it.
[1] The Spectacle is the idea that in popular culture people relate to each other not directly but indirectly, through the "images" presented by culture itself, i.e. "the Spectacle is a social relation between people that is mediated by images."
How many communities start out full of reasonable, productive discourse, like HN, and then go downhill once they become popular? How many endless summers has the internet suffered?
Mediocrity is the enemy of progress.
Edit: I also take strong offense to the nonsense that the desire to aggregate knowledge began with the Islamic Golden Age. People have been centralizing knowledge for far longer than Islam has existed[1]. Frankly, the inclusion of Islam in this article comes off as forced and unnecessary. It doesn't surprise me that the author is from Iran, although his wikipedia page doesn't list any information regarding religion...
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_the_ancie...
Add all this up and you start to see the educational system looking like it's being sabotaged.
But another part of me also realizes that this problem is going to be very, very hard to get rid of. As long as social media keeps feeding our brains with "things you might like" and endless junk notifications, it's going to be near impossible to stop.
We all do harmful things to ourselves. I find it easier to accept if I just accept my own negative acts. It's easier, for me at least, to accept that other people enjoy different things. I'd probably make a piss poor evangelist, but the reward is I spend less time being unhappy with other people's choices.
And that’s discounting the fact that cigarettes are highly taxed and banned now.
So are opioids and hard drugs.
Society has a tendency to install a floor under functions that have bad externalities and have no end state.
The data I present here suggests that before we keep pointing fingers at specific countries and tweeting about companies “hacking the election,” as well as to solve the scourge of “fake news,” it might be good to look inward. By this, I mean we should start the quest for transparency in politics with a few firms based in New York City and Silicon Valley.
The author is Jonathan Albright, Director of Research, Tow Center for Digital Journalism, School of Journalism, Columbia University. And ex-Googler.
https://medium.com/tow-center/who-hacked-the-election-43d401...
The role of liberal democratic society is to identify the threats to itself and address those, when necessary.
And it's now necessary.
I removed my accounts for a few months and whilst it was liberating it wasn't as life changing as I thought it would be. Horse for courses I suppose.
I never saw a need for one. If people want me, they know where to find me. It's not some secretive thing. It's just more inertia. I can't be bothered to make accounts and they'd just take away more of my time. I am not even all that private, people know who I am. I've had many, many Internet friends in my home. One stayed for about five years, as she and I decided to date. Similarly, I haven't ever used online dating sites. That just kind of happened.
Previous generations used taxes to manage business models that harmed many for the benefit of a few.
But since these companies can buy and hack democracy, will we ever see the much needed advertising tax?
I disagree, and I think the way computers have made us regress to a purely textual interchange format as the common denominator is an unrecognized tragedy.
My notes in school used to be richly layed out, mixing diagrams, symbols and formatting as needed, which was trivial on paper. Now I'm typing to you through a predictive text engine because tapping or swiping out words is itself too error prone on this device.
We've created a massive gap between what can be produced and what can be consumed easily, information-wise.
I think the GET/POST nature of the web is also responsible. Rather than make it easy to collaborate in a shared space, we all have to write on little immutable post its and paste them side by side.
That particular point within the article is one of numerous specious and vapid objections it raises.
It portrays the push for encyclopedic collation of textual knowledge, in the past, and social media, in the present, as if they were complete, representative pictures of all the attitudes within societies towards information and knowledge in the respective time periods.
As if low epistemic-quality discussions and communication mediums weren't widespread in the past, and as if there were no other ways that knowledge is treated these days.
There are a lot of academia-related ones also, e.g. researchgate.
Other people are different. Why get upset about it? Why the urge to decide how other people spend their free time?
Wikipedia is decidedly not "decentralized"; it is a centralized system that people are allowed to copy: that is not at all the same thing.
I hate to defend the world's largest algorithmically-enforced echo chamber, but is this a really strong claim - is this seriously true? Like, a measurable reduction in curiosity across the board for Facebook users? What about if your friends are thoughtful and use Facebook primarily as a means of textual interchange?
And if the inverse is true - that being shown what we do not want and do not think makes us more curious - how does the author explain polarization? And are those irrelevant Youtube ads supposed to make me more curious about the world?
Almost nobody reads what they share and get only the title based on the sheep following model.
Social media became a sense of belonging and replaces analog socializing.. we became more and more shallow and incapable of solving simple tasks while we delegate to externals, either a machine or other app, simple life tasks.
Social media just exacerbates the problem further.
How many truly illiterate people do you know?
I suppose you could say that most 5 year olds are illiterate... are they capable of rational thought, perhaps... are they wellsprings of human knowledge and culture, I personally doubt.
In a literate society like ours, we tend to equate language with writing, but they're not at all the same thing. I agree that language is necessary for complex thought, just not writing.
Writing things down doesn't just store and transmit information, it forces an author to crystallize and review their arguments. Writing certainly makes me more rational.
Those societies that never developed writing did have oral traditions with lots of "human knowledge and culture" but neither of these things are rational thought. Most oral traditions are rich with culture, but shot through with extreme irrationalism, exaggeration, fabuluism. This applies as much to a tribal society as to the stories your friends tell at the bar.
Of course, that might be exacerbated by her blindness/deafness, where for example a sighted person could probably conceptualize objects better without a specific language.
But is it true?
Are illiterate people incapable of rational thought? Oral traditions are deep wellsprings of human knowledge and culture.
Knowledge and culture is not the same as rational thought. Of course you can reason without writing, but the manipulation of thoughts is much easier when you can write them, the same as you can make calculations much more easily when you can write the operations.
You wouldn't know from the article, because the author of the article doesn't cite any studies and just sort of takes Neil Postman's word for it.
For example, think of the first time you read a comment on HN which you impulsively disagreed with. If you gave it a second and a third chance, sometimes you come away with an alternate viewpoint, and sometimes you actually agree with the statement. That is the power of writing.
Now imagine what happened the last time you verbally disagreed with someone. Chances are, you soon branded them an idiot, and then slowly stopped talking to them. I would say a part of it was simply because the message was conveyed orally, with all kinds of meaning ascribed to intonations. And unlike reading a piece of text again carefully, its not as if you have a mental tape recorder you can use to replay the conversation. There is just too much distraction in oral communication.
To these ends I agree that oral traditions wouldn't "scale up" quite as well as written ones - but we're talking about pretty small groups of people, so they're going to have less viewpoints on the whole and therefore less need of a system that helps them manage intellectual pluralism. And as a side note, I'd think you don't really need multiple viewpoints to engage in deductive reasoning, if we're counting that as critical reasoning.
great orators with really bad messages could easily sway people down all kinds of wrong directions
Massive lapses of critical reasoning also affect post-literate Western societies.
think of the first time you read a comment on HN which you impulsively disagreed with...
You can impulsively disagree with someone and subsequently change your mind without the need to write everything they said down. You probably do this every day in casual conversation - especially if you're a software engineer - I'd bet most programmers are no strangers to impulsive disagreement. So I think your blessing here is really self-reflection - not a writing system. I think self-reflection falls under critical reasoning.
Now imagine what happened the last time you verbally disagreed with someone...
When you say that oral discourse has "all kinds of meaning ascribed to intonations", you're making it sound like speech is sort of a richer, more complex style of interchange than something purely textual like an email. Like, a speech act can have all kinds of richness and ambiguity. So wouldn't it then require more critical reasoning to parse out a speech than an email?