The Family Making Billions from the Opioid Crisis
esquire.com
esquire.com
This is a real thing.[1] They really give out awards for medical advertising. Typical writeup: "Ambien dominated the insomnia market like few products ever have. Our goal was to introduce a new way of thinking about sleep, and to introduce Rozerem as a new option for the treatment of insomnia. In order to take down Goliath, Rozerem needed to spend BIG. $200 million in broadcast media spend big. With millions of eyeballs being driven to the website we had to ensure that we provided a seamless, immersive brand experience with absolutely no tradeoffs."[2]
It's am award program for scumbags.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-to-consumer_advertising adds Hong Kong, and that's it.
I'm always astonised when I'm in the US at the medical ads on TV. It seems bizarre that companies target advertising at the consumer for products that should really be selected on their behalf by a medical professional.
And those disclaimer/warning crack me up.
News to me. ;-)
(Which is to say, I wouldn't be concerned about making it illegal if it stopped being so effective.)
Otherwise they'd only target doctors, in their offices, trade mags and all. http://www.businessinsider.com/infographic-america-is-over-m...
Stats say that we're way over prescribed.
For example, thousands of deaths have been attributed to the tough drug approval requirements in the US. How would you feel if you had a terminal condition and your government didn't allow you to even know of a possible treatment, or the choice of taking the risk that the treatment won't work?
You still have every right to go to them and ask what they have to say.
I don't really know anyone who thinks "Remember the good old days when cigarette ads were on TV?" (that was a thing). Prescription ads on TV are a relatively recent thing anyway (really 1995 in the US), one in which a powerful lobbying group used their money and influence to help write the rules.
Many people remember the good old days when individual rights and limits on the federal government were enforced closer to US Constitutional requirements.
And since Thalidomide hundreds of thousands of Americans have died from slow drug approvals.
Beyond this, I'm too lazy right now to look up drug company kickbacks to prescribing doctors, and I'm sure there's plenty, but it would probably still occur even if mass media advertising was banned.
- Many physicians thought that DTC ads made their patients more involved in their health care.
- The study demonstrated that when a patient asked about a specific drug, 88 percent of the time they had the condition that the drug treated.
Of course the study showed there were problems, but it was the ads had many more positive effects than negative!
[1]https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm14356...
* 58% of respondents "agreed strongly that DTC ads make the drugs seem better than they really are"
* 78% of physicians believed patients understood possible benefits, however, only 40% believe patients understood the risks involved.
* 75% of "physicians surveyed believed that DTC ads cause patients to think that the drug works better than it does"
* "physicians felt some pressure to prescribe something when patients mentioned DTC ads."
So, patients are getting more involved and asking questions, which is great, but they don't understand the risks involved, the patient misrepresents how well the drug is working for them, and the physician feels pressure to give them what they ask for.
That sort of bias is a problem, especially with on-going therapy. If a patient is being misled by DTC ads about how well they are being treated, they can't raise questions that would allow them to get even better treatment. If a physician is feeling pressured to give a drug when asked, they can't try other, sometimes more effective, therapies.
I guess my point is that most people see DTC ads as completely useless and harmful overall.
The study seems to suggest there are a lot of positive benefits.
One point I didn't copy paste showed that of the 80% of patient who actually had the condition, 5% were previously undiagnosed! That means a drug ad potentially saved thei life if it was a serious disease!
The DTC ads aren't completely useless, but they are harmful.
A patient is unable to understand that the drug is putting them at risk. 60% of people can't see their side-effects as side-effects. So dangerous side-effects like angina and depression take longer to diagnose, leaving the patient at-risk.
A patient is showing a placebo effect, so the doctor cannot tell how well the drug is working. That means, if it's a serious disease, they might be getting worse, but are unable to identify it, and for staged illnesses, that can mean more important treatment comes too late.
Remember, self-reporting is still the primary way we convey to doctors what's happening with us. If it can't be trusted to be accurate, the doctor can't be as effective as they need to be.
Not sure I understand. The survey was asking doctors if they think patients understand the risks from seeing the ad. Doctors think they do.
But patients then need to go and talk to the doctor, who should then clarify the risks since they are the medical professional, not the patient.
If the patient then decides the risks are worth it, and the doctor thinks the drug will help, the doctor writes a prescription.
Plainly, you read a different study than I.
This direct quote, directly disagrees with you:
> Seventy-eight percent of physicians believe their patients understand the possible benefits of the drug very well or somewhat, compared to 40 percent who believe their patients understand the possible risks, and 65 percent believe DTC ads confuse patients about the relative risks and benefits of prescription drugs.
Again, that means:
* 60% of doctors believe patients do not understand possible risks.
* 65% of doctors believe DTC ads confuse patients about risks and benefits.
Doctors do not believe that patients understand risks from seeing the ad.
> If the patient then decides the risks are worth it, and the doctor thinks the drug will help, the doctor writes a prescription.
Again, the study disagrees with your conclusions here. Here's another direct quote:
> and many physicians felt some pressure to prescribe something when patients mentioned DTC ads.
The doctor feels the need to prescribe it, based purely on the fact that the patient mentioned an ad. The doctor may or may not think the risks are worth it, but they feel the need to sign off on any drug simply because the patient saw an ad.
> But patients then need to go and talk to the doctor, who should then clarify the risks since they are the medical professional, not the patient.
And more than half of patients are turning up to doctors, confused about the benefits and risks of the drug they saw in an ad. The doctor tries to clarify the risks, but feel the need to give something to the patient anyway.
The only benefit of the advert here, is that they are actually talking to a doctor. But they don't understand the benefits of the drug, and they don't understand the risks of the drug, they just want something they saw on TV.
Same thing for political candidates. Apparently Obama won advertiser of the year in 2008:
http://adage.com/article/moy-2008/obama-wins-ad-age-s-market...
Beating Nike, Apple, and Coors
I remember when all sorts of pens, mugs, and all that would be given out with drug names on it, and then my doctor would end up giving it to me.
https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/11/for-doctors-no-mor...
http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/New-rules-ba...
The purpose and the money don't go away, the means just move around.
"It however does not appear to speed the onset of sleep or the amount of sleep a person gets."
FYI you can also see an interview with the author on Democracy Now: https://www.democracynow.org/2017/10/19/who_profits_from_the...
(disclaimer: I am friends with the author)
Especially a game that the players have a hand in rigging in their favour as hard as they can.
I think you mean the want for sugar. Because humans don't need sugar.
There is no dietary need for sugar or carbohydrates at all, your body is capable of making the tiny amount it needs through the process of gluconeogenesis. Research the Ketogenic diet.
And let's not forget that the sugar industry as a whole has done this on a vast scale over decades, bribing scientists and funding shoddy research in order to encourage abusive consumption of the substances they promote [2].
I don't think it's at all controversial to state that the sugar industry has cost millions of Americans their health or their lives.
1 - https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/12/the-food-industry-is...
2 - https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/09/sugar-industry-bough...
However.
Coca Cola started as a sugary drink laced with cocaine. Much like how beer has alcohol in it to keep you buying more, Coca Cola had that magically addictive cocaine in it to keep customers coming back for more.
The name 'Coca Cola' is a celebration of this history, really there is no more insane an idea than getting a nation hooked on class A drugs in liquid form. The name and the connotations would make a right minded person want to be disassociated from that.
In theory a 'crack pipe' could be re-purposed as a nice little vase suitable for a small child to play with. But that would make you shudder. So why is it that we are happy to have this denatured liquid cocaine drink as something we give to children? We could at least change the branding, drop the 'coke' and 'coca-' drug references. With allusions to it being the real thing?
When original Coca Cola got closed down and they had to reformulate their marketing they realised that they could do just as well getting people hooked to sugary drinks laced with caffeine and salt, the cocaine wasn't actually needed to shift product. Or even the sugar, fake sweeteners work too, perhaps even more addictively. Maybe it is the marketing that is the problem and not the product ingredients. They can even get the water hooked into buying plain bottled water, something that was never bought back in the days when tap water was a luxury.
To take your example: Coca-Cola doesn't kill people as efficiently as Oxycontin, but yes, it doesn't really add much. A balanced analysis would probably acknowledge that sugar plays a huge role in our obesity crisis and other public health issues, but also acknowledge that there are many sources of sugar besides soft drinks, that sugar isn't as terrible as heroin, etc. I think Coca-Cola executives should probably feel a little bad for devoting their professional lives to it. I think schools like Emory should feel a little ashamed for taking Coca-Cola money. The fact that Coca-Cola is constantly touted as a great American company (by e.g. Warren Buffett) helps normalize the damage it inflicts on society.
I'd advocate a nuanced view: Coca-Cola isn't great, but it's not the devil. There's worse (like tobacco companies, which are probably correctly rated by society). And there's better (Bank of America, Microsoft) - those companies have their own detractors of course, but on balance they add a lot more to our lives than Coca-Cola.
Have you seen their asset manias from the last decade? Who worships money more than the Chinese these days?
"Ask your doctor about Klonopin today"
"Ask your doctor about coronary artery bypass grafting today"
One of these sounds completely ridiculous, and the other sounds commonplace. They should both sound ridiculous, because they're both equally completely ridiculous.
The idea that the patient should be influencing the treatment decisions of medical professionals based on things they saw on television is just absurd. It should be illegal. Doctors are all complicit in it, that should be considered medical malpractice, but doctors are put in an impossible position on this stuff and I understand why they do it.
Healthcare in general is just such a goddamn mess. There are so many completely obvious ways to improve it, but it's impossible to implement any of them, and in the meantime people just keep losing their loved ones early to all the inefficiencies and waste and stupidity.
And all the politicians just want to get their stamp on it to show their constituency how caring and benevolent they are, but they're politicians so all they're actually capable of doing is fucking everything up. So they all just keep grandstanding and fucking everything up and it just gets worse and worse every year.
It's like you didn't even read what you responded to. What is this, reddit?
Advertising isn't hypnosis. People know not to take claims at face value and if they don't, US medical ads are full of disclaimers and warnings. And once you see an ad for a treatment, you have many opportunities to research it, including by discussing it with your doctor.
Do you really think doctors alone should decide your treatment?
My mother in law had terminal brain cancer. She could not eat due nausea from her chemotherapy. I accompanied her on a visit to her doctor. We told him the anti-nausea prescription wasn't working, and I asked why he didn't prescribe her medicinal marijuana. He angrily rejected it as a viable treatment and huffily said he'd change her prescription to a different anti-nausea medication. Shortly later she went on the last trip of her life, to Arizona for some sun and relaxation, but her nausea was so bad that she threw up in the airport and had to return home, where she died in bed a few months later, a 60 lb bundle of bones from barely eating for months on end.
If you want to be protected from "advertising", change the channel. I don't, so stop trying to "protect" me by restricting my right to listen to other viewpoints.
Yes. Not necessarily one doctor, or even two doctors. Get a second opinion, or just switch your doctor if you don't like them.
The alternative of letting profiteers peddling medicine influence a poorly educated populace is most unfortunate.
How many would claim that getting a 200M drug ad campaign qualifies? Hell, I watch a drug ad and it is all life style and vibe. Shots off my golf score! Luxury Yachts! Happy, Well Adjusted Grand Kids!
In fact, I'd goes as far as saying relying 100% on your doctor for your health decisions is pretty stupid.
The LA Times ran an investigation into Perdue Pharma's claim[1] and the article is incredibly disturbing. This is the killer quote:
> "More than half of long-term OxyContin users are on doses that public health officials consider dangerously high, according to an analysis of nationwide prescription data conducted for The Times."
Perdue Pharma has been lying about the 12-hour pain relief effect for decades. They wanted to dominate the 12-hour pain relief market. Whenever a doctor prescribed for a smaller interval of time, Perdue screamed bloody murder and sought to "refocus" doctors at all cost on the "12-hour rule" to ensure the drug stays in the 12-hour market share. To "refocus" doctors, Perdue Pharma tells doctors to prescribe stronger doses, rather than more frequent ones, and this leads to serious problems with reliance.
The evil here isn't that the drug is addictive but that doctors and pharmaceutical companies prescribe it despite the known side effects. It's almost unheard of outside the US.
This thing is known to be this addictive. That's basically only prescribed in exceptional cases elsewhere in the world. Basically it's not prescribed to otherwise healthy people who only suffer from pain (back pains, surgery pains etc). It's only prescribed to terminally ill people. Because it's better to use a slightly less potent painkiller and be in slightly more pain, than to be addicted to an opioid.
> when it doesn’t last, patients can experience excruciating symptoms of withdrawal, including an intense craving for the drug.
> Even before OxyContin went on the market, clinical trials showed many patients weren’t getting 12 hours of relief.
> OxyContin’s market dominance and its high price — up to hundreds of dollars per bottle — hinge on its 12-hour duration. Without that, it offers little advantage over less expensive painkillers.
> Purdue tells doctors to prescribe stronger doses, not more frequent ones, when patients complain that OxyContin doesn’t last 12 hours.
> Research shows that the more potent the dose of an opioid such as OxyContin, the greater the possibility of overdose and death.
For advanced cancer pain, oxycontin is effective and the rates of addiction are very low. Patients can't wait to get off it usually if the pain improves. There are likely to be many physiological and psychological factors explaining these differences.
"Advanced cancer pain" and "pain improves" [to a level where withdrawal seems like a good idea] seem like things that rarely go together. I could see people getting off of oxycontin to go onto stronger painkillers in hospice, but that feels like a very different thing to me.
As for a citation, well nobody has done a study on that specific point, I'm talking from my experience of 500 or so patients.
http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/sheila-polk-anti-prop-20...
$500k is a huge amount in Arizona politics.
That said, my visceral emotional response is strongly negative especially when reading the following paragraph:
>In May, a dozen lawmakers in Congress, inspired by the L.A. Times investigation, sent a bipartisan letter to the World Health Organization warning that Sackler-owned companies were preparing to flood foreign countries with legal narcotics. “Purdue began the opioid crisis that has devastated American communities,” the letter reads. “Today, Mundipharma is using many of the same deceptive and reckless practices to sell OxyContin abroad.” Significantly, the letter calls out the Sackler family by name, leaving no room for the public to wonder about the identities of the people who stood behind Mundipharma.
Bourdain travels to Franklin County to explore the heroin epidemic that’s spreading throughout this and other New England towns.[1]
Dr. Ruth Potee of Greenfield, Massachusetts talks about how they were taught in their residency that their ER / Hospital performance was tied to their pain scores and the generous administration of pain medication to patients.[1][2]
Purdue Pharmaceuticals promotion from 1996 can also be seen.
[1] Video - Parts Unknown - Massachusetts
https://archive.org/details/AnthonyBourdainPartsUnknownMassa...
22:16 Purdue Pharmaceuticals Promotion from 1996
25:10 Dr. Ruth Potee of Greenfield, Massachusetts
[2] Transcript - Parts Unknown - Massachusetts -- CNN
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1502/20/abpu.01.html
Edit: Another link to the same Parts Unknown - Massachusetts video
Trace back how these performance metrics were chosen, look in history if there was any advocacy or studies funded by Sackler-controlled/-influenced parties to tilt the selection of performance measurements towards subjective pain "scoring". It would be interesting to find out if Arthur's insight of nebulous broad applications was generalized to pushing for these kinds of metrics.
After reading how Epipen configured a de facto monopoly, I've wondered where else this kind of corporate behavior shows up within our economic landscape. None of it breaks any laws, but I have to wonder if anyone involved regrets the consequences engendered.
Medicare and Medicaid HMOs pay for “results”, not visits. So you need to either get admitted or get the hell out and don’t come back to the ERir they lose revenue.
The Sacklers, though, will likely emerge untouched: Because of a sweeping non-prosecution agreement negotiated during the 2007 settlement, most new criminal litigation against Purdue can only address activity that occurred after that date. Neither Richard nor any other family members have occupied an executive position at the company since 2003.
I wonder how much of this comes pharmaceutical sales reps pressuring the doctors to use their medicine. That whole system seems broken and unethical to me.
A couple years ago I went to the ER to get a dislocated shoulder fixed, and they sent me home with percocet, even though I told them repeatedly that the pain wasn't too bad any more and I didn't want it.
Later on a guy in the next bed had an infected kidney out and he was in immense pain and needed much stronger pain relief
2 years ago, both urgent care clinics in our town had signs out front saying "no prescriptions for oxycontin or similar painkillers will be given here". So... more legitimate use cases are now shut out from measured uses because there was such a rash of unneeded prescriptions years before.
Common methods include: - Paid "speeches" - Paid surveys - "Training/Education" retreats at swanky resorts
Also look into Outcome Health, a newly minted "unicorn" based out of Chicago. Their marketing spin is about how their mission is to help patients receive the most optimal treatments and "outcomes", but in reality the whole business model is based on installing "free" tv screens and tablets in physicians' offices and then pushing ads. Im sure there are kickbacks involved with the individual physicians. There was a WSJ expose about it a couple of weeks ago (http://archive.is/QZnTN).
It's worded so that like, "who could be against that?" is what anyone would think.
So some shady ads pushing startup is out there trying to handwave how they're making everyones life better and improving outcomes, despite not providing any innovation.
It would be like saying my meth dealer is improving my life outcome because I have more energy now.
That was a devastating combination.
This isn't really something that happened behind closed doors with drug reps. There was a concerted public effort to change the culture in medicine.
I really wish they'd take a harder look at referring patients to cannabis. I'm not one of those people that thinks its entirely without side effects or that it's a cure for everything, but it seems like it'd be a lower risk alternative for at least some kinds of pain.
Roughly translated: "The secret of great unexplained fortunes is a forgotten crime, because it has been properly executed."
The quote isn't really applicable in this case. Everyone reading the article knows how the Sackler family made their money.
Do these museums have a responsibility to disclose the source of the Sackler family's wealth?
The quote is sort of non falsifiable... It's a hidden crime we're talking about after all.
"If anything, taxes for the lower and middle class and maybe even the upper middle class should even probably be cut further. But I think that people at the high end - people like myself - should be paying a lot more in taxes. We have it better than we've ever had it." - Warren Buffett
Warren Buffett is just a guy who believed in the power of compounding from an early age, lived below his means so he could invest every dime possible, and became the world's best at investing in businesses.
The amazing thing about Warren is that if he had wanted to be worth far more than he is, he easily could have been. He ran an investment partnership for 13 years where he earned 25% of the profits, and averaged 40% per year just investing in the stock market. Then he switched to running Berkshire Hathaway, where anyone can call up their broker and buy shares in to have Warren manage your money nearly for free (his salary is $100,000 per year. No. Really). If he had kept his profit share arrangement (and easily could have) he'd easily be worth over $200B today.
By tax evasion I mean buying companies and taking their profits as dividends, which means 15% tax or no tax at all in many cases. Yes it's reinvested but it's clearly an effort to avoid capital gains/income taxes. Buffets recent comments on tax policy have no effect on his tax position, for he does not play by the same rules as your average fund manager.
Same with insurance float, that's an interest free loan from policy holders to play with.
As I said, we are talking about hidden crimes here so that would almost by definition comprise 1) things that are unethical but not illegal, 2) things that would normally be illegal but can be reclassified as legal, or 3) illegal things that we don't know about.
If he had that perfectly standard money management arrangement, Buffett would have made $10B last year, and been able to shield it from taxes as long term capital gains. Instead he made $100,000 in salary, and paid regular taxes on it. The last 4 years alone a 2/20 profit share would have been worth close to $40B, nearly doubling his net worth just from those years, ignoring the profit share from the 40 years before that.
The reason Buffett chose Berkshire as a vehicle and doesn’t take his rightful fees from it, is he was already wealthy when he started with it. He had shutdown the Buffett Partnerships and briefly retired after making himself and his investors (a collection of mostly Omaha doctors and dentists) all multi-millionaires in only 13 years. When he decided to restart his friends and investors jumped in with him and he didn’t need or want to charge them fees. So every BRK shareholder since has gotten that glorious free ride.
The dividend tax rate is another spurious issue. Coke pays federal and state taxes on its profits, the pays most all of what’s left as dividends to its investors. Berkshire only pays around a 10% tax rate on those dividends, less than the 15-20% individual investors pay, but for good reason, because the corporate dividend tax is the first level of a DOUBLE taxation. If Buffett ever wants to pocket those Coke dividends, Berkshire has to pay them as dividends and shareholders would owe another 15% dividend tax rate on top and Buffett himself would have to pay 20% because he’s top bracket. That 10% is an extra tax Berkshire shareholders have to pay to own Coke thru Berkshire instead of directly.
This also shows how Berkshire’s tax structure is so inefficient. Even with the “discount” on dividend earnings, Berkshire paid over $7B in taxes last year on $33B in eanings. If he was still running an investment partnership, not only could he pay himself massive fees, but those fees would be considered “carried interest” and treated like long term capital gains, and only taxed when he sold shares, at low long term capital gains rates.
If insurance float is an interest free loan, in what world is it tax evasion? Taxes are owed on profits, not loans. And float is only interest free if you run your insurance companies exceptionally well. Ordinary insurers take a loss on float as a cost of doing business. But Buffett refuses to own insurers that are that crappy, and it’s the discipline of his insurance companies that makes Berkshire one of the rare insurers to have free float.
Lastly “crime” has a meaning, and you don’t get to redefine it as things you regard as “unethical”. Buffett has been investing very publicly for over 60 years with a total tally of zero crimes, and zero unethical acts. You may wish for some to maintain your silly desire that people can only be more successful than you by cheating and committing crimes, but they ain’t coming.
For example, his Mobile Home Empire: https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/times-watchdog/min... empire-clayton-homes/
Berkshire Hathaway have the largest single stake in Wells Fargo: https://www.bloomberg.com/gadfly/articles/2017-10-03/wells-f...
And here's a charming bit about one of his Kidney related investments and some of their practices: http://money.cnn.com/2017/05/15/investing/davita-dialysis-jo...
Finally, an interesting column in the Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/content/fd27245a-9790-11e7-a652-cde3f882d...
One question stands - can you ethically deploy the amount of capital Buffett & Berkshire Hathaway have? I'm not sure.
Clayton Homes makes mobile homes, which are super cheap homes for low income people. Their customers are poor credit risks and default frequently, so Clayton compensates by charging high interest rates.
So is Clayton preying on their desire to have a home?
Or is Clayton offering people who can't afford traditional homes the opportunity to have their own?
Should their customers instead save their money for many more years till they are able to afford a traditional home and improve their a credit score to get a better loan?
Critics of Clayton greatly over-simplify the ethics of its business and how it runs it.
In the case of Wells Fargo, Warren invested nearly 30 years ago, because it was a great business. 10% shareholders don't get to hire and fire management, or even pick board members. He's been very critical publicly of management and the board, going so far as to suggesting directors return 5 years of pay as recompense for their failures. He's also sold shares, which he almost never does in existing investments.
Maybe Davita is a loser, if so it won't be his first. He's been great at detecting management bullshit during his career, but he's not perfect, he has no supernatural lie detector. Guaranteed he didn't pick Davita because he thought they were misleading patients. Aside from the ethics, that's a horrible investment, you can't build a lasting business on fraud.
As far whether Buffett can ethically deploy the amount of capital Berkshire Hathaway has, it's a hugely silly question. BRK has $250 Billion in net capital. The S&P 500 comprises the largest 500 companies on the NYSE & NASDAQ exchanges, which have a total market value of over $20 Trillion. There are nearly 6,000 more public companies on those two exchanges alone, and that doesn't count thousands of companies on foreign exchanges, and tens of thousands of private companies Berkshire could purchase. Or the thousands of bonds and other fixed income investments that have billion dollar capacities.
In total his universe of possible investments is likely close to $100 Trillion, having capital comprising 1/4000th of that universe doesn't require making any ethical shortcuts. Buffet's large capital base is a hindrance to his returns but he doesn't care and never has. He no longer can achieve the 40% annualized returns of the Buffett Partnerships, or the 25% annualized returns of Berkshire when it was far smaller. But he's still beating the market by a substantial amount, and that's all he cares about.
Go read Barbarians at the Gate. Buffett was quoted about what a great business tobacco companies were. "It costs a penny to make. Sell it for a dollar. It's addictive. And there's fantastic brand loyalty." But he passed on an opportunity to make a bunch of money off the RJR Nabisco takeover. "I'm wealthy enough where I don't need to own a tobacco company and deal with the consequences of public ownership".
And that was the 80s. He's far wealthier now. Some Buffett quotes.
"It takes 20 years to build a reputation and five minutes to ruin it. If you think about that, you'll do things differently."
"It's better to hang out with people better than you. Pick out associates whose behavior is better than yours and you'll drift in that direction."
"The smarter the journalists are, the better off society is. For to a degree, people read the press to inform themselves - and the better the teacher, the better the student body"
"From the time of my death, my compound that I leave to my yorkie shalt be known forever as rhiz(h)ome"
"If you do something nice for somebody, and more than just the two of you know about it, maybe you're doing it for the wrong reason"
[1] https://tree.mindbloom.com/apps/inspiration/detail/quote/563...
The secular quip raises the same questions about human motivations without the other baggage.
I have personal cynical hypotheses about why the state of affairs is as it is. None of it has to do with the qualities of those who donate.
It's called being humble.
If you're joe millionaire the only reason you're putting your name on something is because you have status anxiety. You know it, the people you're giving the money to know it and the public knows it. This goes 1000x more for the $20 donation you brag about on facebook.
Painting givers who want to discuss as selfish narcissists, as you have, is unkind. More importantly, it means more people die preventable deaths.
A more measured argument than my own is at Giving What We Can: https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/post/2016/08/its-good-to-tal....
It's not exactly a secret that donating money is often about more than altruism or stopping "preventable deaths."
Even if you believe in the cause you're donating to in the purest most altruistic sense you should know that the conversation is tainted for any rational person living in the real world. No one but people either kissing your ass or trying to get their hand in your pocket is going to hear "I give 10% of my income to save lives" no matter how dignified you think that sounds.
Or as your link says:
>You can't have a good friendship if you hide your true beliefs or feelings, including about effective giving.
I wouldn't be a good friend if I didn't say everything I said above about the "10% donation" proposal. The question is would you be a good friend to someone who disagreed? Or are your friendships predicated on "when I share something I feel strongly about you either agree or are basically complicit in killing 40 people?"
By no means do I think people should pretend the stigma isn't there. What I take issue with is the George Steinbrenner quote that's pasted every other discussion on charity, as if there was anything remotely noble about constantly reminding people that if anyone else so much as happens to hear about their actions, people would judge them for it.
It is hard to take your last question in good faith. Why do you still feel the need to paint me with that brush?
In my opinion the intention or ego of a philanthropist is approximately negligible when it comes to their charity and donations. If a billionaire wants to solve a problem out of a sense of personal grandiosity, or in a vain attempt at figurative immortality: so be it. At least they have the capability to do something good and are actually following through with it. In a vague sense there might be more nobility in anonymous charity, but nobility doesn’t contribute real resources to a problem.
Phrased another way: if a billionaire donates $100M to a charity and a pauper donates $1 to the same charity, but the billionaire requires his name to be affiliated, which of the two is doing more “good”? If you believe the answer is the poorer person, your axioms are fundamentally incompatible with consequentialism, because you’re incorporating selflessness into your definition of good. But if you believe that the billionaire is doing more good in this example despite his vanity, you’re a consequentialist - as they say, we’ve established terms, and now we’re just haggling.
If Philanthropist A donates $10 million and asks for his name on the building, while Philanthropist B donates $10 million and requests no name on the building, I will absolutely have much more respect for Philanthropist B.
No, I’m not. I constructed extreme upper and lower bounds as a baseline for comparing axioms. That was the purpose of my reference to the apocryphal, “now we’re just haggling over price” quote.
So we have a few possibilities:
- Is demanding attribution in philanthropy bad? If it’s bad, how does it decrease the concrete “goodness” of the philanthropy?
- Is it not bad? Then why is it undesirable?
- Is it neither bad nor undesirable? Then why is it relevant?
People have (normative) reasons for personal admiration, and they can’t really be right or wrong. I’m interested in digging at the normatives.
Generalizing this further, we can say that people are easily offended by grandiosity and vanity, or at the very least find it distasteful. As a philosophical question I consider it interesting to wonder why that is the case, in a scenario where that person is not doing anything “bad” from a consequentialist perspective. As it turns out, anonymity and attribution in philanthopy seem to be a good real-world setting for this question, because narcissism appears to become invalid as a signalling heuristic.
Attribution is essentially a public statement on behalf of the recipient that the giver is a good person. These statements have a value. You could not pay me $10 to say that Bill Gates is a good person, but you could probably pay me $100,000. However if Bill Gates wanted to give me $100,000 without attribution, I would be spared the cost of saying I thought he was a good person in public.
You have to ask yourself what are the implicating consequences of this kind of concentrated influence?
So I think in terms of consequentialism, you need to look bigger. Should the billionaire be further rewarded for philanthropic actions? What else would he have done with the money without those rewards? How do the rewards to big donors affect the donations and volunteering of smaller participators? What was the long lasting consequence of the big donation which awarded rewards to a big donor?
The answer to that is complicated, but could change the consequence of the system, so are relevent to a consequentialist perspective.
Of most noteworthy to me, I think is the idea that a single entity can have so much concentrated wealth in the first place, where we now need to put motivations in place for them to give it away. Why award so much wealth to that entity to begin with? What consequences does this has on the moral objective you're looking to get as a consequence of our system?
And so, if you believe having billionaires generates overall bad consequences, then you'll want to demotivate people to become one, thus you might start by shaming them for their wealth, by conveying to their ego that they are not special, loved or admired for those traits, and that their big donations is frowned upon, that we'd rather they just volunteered their time, because no one cares to know how much they were able to donate.
But, if you frame the problem in the small, and don't explore alternatives, or quesrion the consequences of the given frame, ya, a billionaire which gives hundreds of million to charity in exchange for a thousand of dollar statue is an all around good deal for the charity in terms of consequentialism.
I’m interested in digging at the normatives.
Assuming this isn't to indicate a search for consensus where there isn't any, the "normative" is that someone donating $1 can't make these demands, so maybe a better question would be why do rich people demand namings, and could it be merely a personality flaw to force people to use their name to refer to something oriented around their donation (building, fund, etc.)? That is, rather than right or wrong, can we ask whether it's selfish? Immature? Something else? Fire up your dialectic if you like.
How ridiculous would it be to create "The Barney Google Fund for Helping People Reach a State of Getting Things Named After Themselves?" I'd say if you think, "say, that's not a bad idea!" then you probably don't see a problem with donations purchasing naming rights. Plain and simple, no dialectic necessary.
But we can come up with reasons not to do something all day. So, assuming for simplicity that naming is optional and the money would be given regardless, in what ways are named donations a good thing? I find this approach more readily exposes the details.
Donor (a) seems long on ego, short on imagination and ability.
We wouldn’t have the same view of the person donating a dollar to the same museum.
IMO "Ego" should not be considered a bad word. We all have one, and we all enjoy stroking it. It's human. For some reason we have a hard time acknowledging that.
Bill & Melinda Gates, for example, have become role models, changing the cultural norms of behaviour for the super rich. Warren Buffet's addition to their foundation can be directly linked to their efforts, but there are without a doubt hundreds more following their lead less explicitly. Zuckerberg comes to mind (although I'm not sure how 'real' his efforts are).
That's far better than what previously defined that slice of society, i. e. golf, private jets, and faux-gold interiors.
Cf. the Peter O'Donnell building at UT Austin. (https://research.utexas.edu/acesit/aces-building/)
https://splunkbase.splunk.com/app/3693/
Comes with 2014 medicare dataset. All supporting data can be downloaded from data.cms.gov
Story: https://www.splunk.com/blog/2017/09/28/building-a-60-billion...
But much of our industry is explicitly, openly trying to create addictive experiences.
Sitting curled up in a chair for hours straight staring into a phone is killing you a lot quicker than you might think.
But, if we feel clear outrage about another industry, we should consider applying the same standards to our own.
Most everyone who works in opioid marketing probably thinks they are a good person too.
The fallacy in your comment isn't that you're wrong about addictions, it's that you're assuming two population samples are the same: 'HN users who complain about drug addiction' and 'HN users who create addictive technology'. Those are two different values of 'we'. (I worry about being in the latter group. HN is pretty addictive.)
The easy way to productively spend $X billion is to invest it in space/physics/medical research or development. If you need to blow a few hundred billion, you could launch an asteroid mining venture with a reasonable chance of turning that money into a few trillion and making space development vastly more affordable for the rest of humanity.
Q: How do you make $1 million in aerospace?
A: Start with $1 billion
EDIT: And of course, the response to that line in the movie is "The future, Mr. Gittes."
In your example, it seems like you are saying "there is more happiness in mining asteroids than in being able to live very comfortably, indefinitely, without having to work to support yourself".
Except for a very narrow portion of humanity, this seems implausible. Would mining asteroids really bring fulfillment to a person who has experienced ennui when climbing a mountain, scuba diving the barrier reef, yachting the Mediterranean, or designing their own home?
Failure of imagination, sure, but I think you're going to be disappointed if you think that a billion is going to be deeply fulfilling relative to 20 million.
The American investment banker was at the pier of a small coastal Mexican village when a small boat with just one fisherman docked.
Inside the small boat were several large yellow fin tuna. The American complimented the Mexican on the quality of his fish and asked how long it took to catch them.
The Mexican replied, “Only a little while.”
The American then asked, “Why didn’t you stay out longer and catch more fish?”
The Mexican said, “With this I have more than enough to support my family’s needs.”
The American then asked, “But what do you do with the rest of your time?”
The Mexican fisherman said, “I sleep late, fish a little, play with my children, take siesta with my wife, Maria, stroll into the village each evening where I sip wine and play guitar with my amigos, I have a full and busy life.”
The American scoffed, “I am a Harvard MBA and could help you. You should spend more time fishing; and with the proceeds, buy a bigger boat: With the proceeds from the bigger boat you could buy several boats. Eventually you would have a fleet of fishing boats. Instead of selling your catch to a middleman you would sell directly to the processor; eventually opening your own cannery. You would control the product, processing and distribution. You would need to leave this small coastal fishing village and move to Mexico City, then Los Angeles and eventually New York where you will run your ever-expanding enterprise.”
The Mexican fisherman asked, “But, how long will this all take?”
To which the American replied, “15 to 20 years.”
“But what then?” asked the Mexican.
The American laughed and said that’s the best part. “When the time is right you would announce an IPO and sell your company stock to the public and become very rich, you would make millions.”
“Millions?…Then what?”
The American said, “Then you would retire. Move to a small coastal fishing village where you would sleep late, fish a little, play with your kids, take siesta with your wife, stroll to the village in the evenings where you could sip wine and play your guitar with your amigos."
(Of course, the MBA glosses over scaling the catching of fish, as though all fish have the same qualities.)
My fantasy about money is not about better cars or nicer houses. I'd like to do what Elon Musk is doing - try to advance human civilization through projects like space exploration. I'd be launching space telescopes, more probes to outer planets, etc.
Of course it's silly to hold OxyContin's manufacturer responsible for all opioid deaths.
But we need a scapegoat right? Purdue will suffice.
This article isn't about Purdue, it's about the Sackler's that influence Purdue, MundiPhrama, and a number of other global pharmaceutical companies to increase their wealth while also "braiding their name" into high society.
So why are we so quick to claim causation when there is only correlation?
I know, because it sells newspapers!
It's generally understood for both that epidemic and the current how the problem arose, in part this understanding was achieved through interviews with addicts.
Going back to the original morphine epidemic in the 19th/20th century it parallels closely the current Purdue/OxyContin epidemic lending further evidence to the driver being OxyContin.
Do you really think that OxyContin is not a driver and only correlated? If so, what is driving the ever-increasing opiate usage?
Unsafe assumption. Why not go the self-education route before taking the "angry preacher" role so seriously?
I guess it's just human trait to simply problems into "that person is at fault" rather than appreciate the multiple factors that resulted in a complex problem.
"How many people here moved from prescription drugs to heroin?" Everybody raised their hands.
Counter-point: no, they largely did not.
There is a huge population using prescription opiates and a tiny tiny population using heroin.
Check out https://grokinfullness.blogspot.com/2017/09/debunking-standa... for a lot more detail.
> There is no convincing evidence that prior prescription opioid use caused subsequent heroin use. ... This is much like the argument, popular among drug warriors, that marijuana is a gateway drug because most users of hard drugs start with marijuana. There are simply so many current and past prescription opioid users that most heroin users will probably have had past experience with these drugs, but that says nothing at all about a causal link. Indeed, the vast majority of prescription opioid users never go on to use heroin, so the causal link is dubious.
> In 2015, 85 million people used prescription opioids legally, and there were ~200 million legal prescriptions. By contrast, there were half a million heroin users. But there were comparable numbers of deaths in both categories (~13,000 from prescription opioids and 12,000 heroin deaths, or 18,500 heroin deaths if you add the "heroin" and "synthetic opioids" together to capture the fact that some dealers have been mixing fentanyl in with heroin). Some relevant numbers in my piece here, once again from the CDC's website. Deaths per legal opioid user are in the 0.015% range; deaths per heroin user are probably somewhere in the 1% to 3.5% range.
> In other words, the prescription opioid deaths are a very small risk applied to a very large population. The heroin-related deaths are an extremely high risk applied to a relatively small population. These are very different issues with very different underlying social causes.
Except there are actually studies and data that do show a link between prior prescription opioid use amongst heroin users, along with a demographic shift:
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/...
And the second part of that comment "This is much like the argument, popular among drug warriors, that marijuana is a gateway drug ..." is a total strawman.
In a country of 350 million people this right here is all the evidence you need: it's obvious that US opioid prescribing is abusive.
I wish doctors were less liberal about prescribing these serious drugs. It should be messaged as "If the pain is really unbearable, even with standard over-the-counter pain relievers, then consider a stronger alternative." Instead, it was more like "Oh you broke your ankle? Here's a prescription for strong drugs."
Breaking my ankle doesn't even crack my top five most painful moments of my life -- those are all related to the flu/norovirus/food poisoning.
You know why? Codeine is available OTC. However I don't know many people that went from codeine to heroin.
I would estimate a huge percentage of US opioid utilization is codeine in the form of Tylenol #3.
You keep mentioning Canada, bu Canada has its own opioid crisis and public health officials are working hard to reduce canadian prescribing of opioids.
You've also said that canada has higher per capita use - do you have a cite for that? Because it doesn't match any data I've seen.
I’m no expert on this & have seen enough oxy abuse to be skeptical but saying it’s a certainty seems unfounded in the face of the argument.
"In addition three top executives were charged with a felony and sentenced to 400 hours of community service in drug treatment programs."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purdue_Pharma?wprov=sfla1
I wouldn't really consider them a scapegoat.
"As shown in Figure 1A, the selection of OxyContin as a primary drug of abuse decreased from 35.6% of respondents before the release of the abuse-deterrent formulation to just 12.8% 21 months later (P<0.001). Simultaneously, selection of hydrocodone and other oxycodone agents increased slightly, whereas for other opioids, including high-potency fentanyl and hydromorphone, selection rose markedly, from 20.1% to 32.3% (P=0.005). Of all opioids used to “get high in the past 30 days at least once” (Figure 1B), OxyContin fell from 47.4% of respondents to 30.0% (P<0.001), whereas heroin use nearly doubled."
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1204141
The abuse-resistant version had some unhappy consequences.
"Available data indicate that the nonmedical use of prescription opioids is a strong risk factor for heroin use. Yet, although the majority of current heroin users report having used prescription opioids nonmedically before they initiated heroin use, heroin use among people who use prescription opioids for nonmedical reasons is rare, and the transition to heroin use appears to occur at a low rate."
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1508490#conclusio...
Of course, the issue here is not that oxycontin is a gateway drug, but that prescription opioids are being abused, and Purdue and oxycontin are undoubtedly at the forefront of that.