Boom has orders for 76 of its future supersonic passenger jets
techcrunch.com
techcrunch.com
For risks, aside from generally achieving the promised goals is there a big risk Boeing or Airbus copy this and have better sale channels to take over this as soon as the concept is proven. Boom development seems to have happened really quickly. I imagine the resources of the bigger companies can throw with their fiance and general engineer/production systems at this quickly if boom proves the concept.
I do enjoy watching companies like Boom, because this is the kind of underdog chutzpah that the word “courage” is supposed to describe.
Is there a big difference in practicality between 6 hours and 10 hours? Feels like you still lose the day to travel for the most part.
If it's 10 hours, you can't.
The advantage is not with when you sleep, it's with where. With 6 hour flights you can sleep in your bed at home. You can't do that with the 10 hour flights unless you break your sleep schedule.
I'm also used to doing international flights from cities where the airport is super far away. For example Charles De Gaulle is still a 45 minute train ride away from a lot of useful stuff. DFW's a bit out there too.
The dream is obstensibly Shinkansen-style "get there in the morning, leave in the evening and be back before bedtime" flows. Is that doable with smaller international flights already?
I don't think it would help much to put the check-in in the city centre though - getting into a city centre is just as prone to delay as getting to an airport, and I'd still need to leave hours for that possibility.
Oops, I forgot that in the US you don't have subways. Here in Europe, there are never, ever, delays going to the city center.
But London has the most extensive subway system in Europe and of course the lines cross in the centre.
But I was saying you were being snide because you were saying the UK is leaving Europe, which of course it isn't. You're trying to sneak in a mean political point there.
Two words guaranteed to strike terror into the heart of Londoners: "tube strike".
(I'm all for subways but let's not pretend they're 100% reliable when they run on Victorian technology and have various sorts of regular delay inducing incident)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_London_Air_Terminal
Or rather, was.
For example the takeoff and landing speed of a F16 is almost the same as any other commercial plane (~270 km/h).
Concorde's take off speed was 400 km/h. Delta wings don't have same amount of lift, hence higher speeds.
The F16 is about twice as long (49 feet / 15 meters) a Cessna (28 feet / 8.3 meters) and weights about 8.5 times as much unloaded: Cessna 2200lb / 1000kg and the F16 18,900lb / 8,570kg.
In short, the largest plane that can take off from there is an A318, and it immediately has to go refuel at Shannon.
As you say, one major problem was that the aircraft skin got really hot from friction - hot enough that they had to build it out of a special titanium alloy, and paint it with heat resistant paint - but that was inadequate. Due to the heating and cooling that occurred each cycle the entire airframe would expand and contract very substantially - over repeat cycles this lead to metal fatigue, and would lead to failure but not for incessant expensive maintenance. For an idea of how much the thing expands, on the final flight of the model now at RNAS Yeovilton, the flight engineer stuck his cap between the engineering console and the bulkhead, where it remains sandwiched by pressure today.
Apart from the thermal issues, the entire craft suffered from “so cutting edge it barely works” all over, from special tyre compounds to window seals to the famous drop nose. It was an engineering marvel and nightmare, in one improbable package. It’s frankly surprising it even ever existed.
I think the major difference will be that Concorde was a space age plane built with 60’s tech, and these will Be space age planes built with space age tech.
SpaceX has like 9 or so failed landings until they pulled it off. If Boom keep iterating fast enough, I think they have a good chance of being successful.
Wasn't the 60's the space age, though? :)
I have the feeling much of the tech of the last century was too much for the people living at the time.
Yes, they found out about fusion and fission, but there are no viable fusion reactors out there and even the fission ones are highly problematic.
Yes, they build super sonic planes but they barely held together or did cost a fortune.
Yes, the send people to space, but how many and at what price?
We even had super computers and main frames, but it took half a century to get this tech in every home AND then some time to get it in everyones pocket.
Last century was more of a industrial mass market thing. The stuff from the 1800 was finally available for the rest of us.
The whole high tech stuff was discovered at the time but it wasn't really usable, even if it was still used, see concord or fission based power plants.
On the other hand, the risk we took for the power plants was probably set off by getting electricity to everyone and allowing the industrial age tech to work more wide spread.
Anyway, I think we are in more of a space age now than we were back in the days.
Seriously, I understand that you meant "space age" as "contemporary" but in fact, the term _should_ still refer to the age in which it was coined and represents the big leaps and bounds in the eponymous technology.
Interesting that they forgot to say how large is the down payment
> Boom's airliner is designed to maximize efficiency while producing a “boom” at least 30 times quieter than Concorde's.
So I don't think they have that presumption.
[0] https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ap...
I do hope that the Boom team will be able to deliver a viable service for benefit us all. Would love nothing more than to travel faster.
I saw it land/take off a handful of times as a kid. The noise was unlike anything else I've ever experienced - you could hear it many kilometers away and up close (on the airport boundary) you'd feel every internal cavity vibrating when it departed. As a child it was marvellous!
http://aviationweek.com/bca/legislation-open-door-us-superso...
Here's one plane being developed by Lockheed Martin, "designed to create a sonic boom only 1% as strong as that generated by the Concorde." Though, this plane is smaller than the Concorde so it's boom should naturally be smaller, however the idea still applies to other supersonic planes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAI_Quiet_Supersonic_Transport
Lockheed Martin claims their design only generates 60 A-weighted decibels of noise. This is compared to the Concorde’s sound at cruising altitude of about 90 A-weighted decibels. 60 decibels would put it at about the sound of a normal conversation. That would make it quiet and non-intrusive enough for overland flights.
http://lockheedmartin.com/us/innovations/072016-webt-superso...
And Boom is a US company :-)
The Concord had 12-15uSv/hr [1] (2-3x a long haul flight). The lower bound and best case, workers are fine. Upper bound and European (which are stricter than American, but we're talking international flights) standards are 1mSv (whole body) or 50mSv (effective to skin) [2]. So we're between 4166hrs/yr and 66.6hrs/yr working that would be allowed.
Because it is international they'd probably go with the lowest common denominator, at 1mSv/yr dosage allowed (50mSv/yr for American radiation workers, 150 for Astronauts). And we're just talking flight, not adding the nominal background radiation, which is going to reduce the number of hours even more.
So in short, no, the extra radiation exposure at those altitudes is not minor. It has to be considered if you are going to hire people to fly your plane and attend to your passengers. Airlines already consider radiation exposure. No one wants to do massive medical payouts 30 years from now.
[1] http://aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:in-flight-heal...
[2] http://www.radioactivity.eu.com/site/pages/Doses_Limits.htm
Addendum: 1Sv in a year is a 5.5% increase of cancer over your entire lifetime. 1Sv in an hour will probably kill you.
While I'm confident that material choices could provide some protection based on decades of spaceflight engineering and research into lightweight radiation protection methods.
However it's the kind of hidden issue I can honestly imagine no one thinking about until it's far too late, which could make it a significant Achilles heel in terms of practical operation of these planes by airlines.
The conventional method is aluminum. New methods include UHMWPE (polyethylene, same stuff grocery bags are made of) and Kevlar. There's doping methods to help some of these materials, but it can be really complicated.
Carbon Fiber, what they are using, isn't really that great for shielding. I've personally run simulations on this, and untreated CF isn't that great of a shield. So my question is, are they treating their CF? Are they using dopants? What resins are they using? What altitudes will they be flying at? These things matter very much.
But my intuition would say that Cu adding to CF would not improve its shielding qualities. Especially if it is a mesh. No mesh is going to make the shielding characteristics better because the particles are at such a high frequency.
And I've seen similar on UK documentaries as well.
British Airways carried out and published data from radiation monitoring of Concorde crews: "Supersonic transport (SST) flights The Concorde SST... was designed to fly at the... operating altitude of around 18 km (about 59 000 ft). Concern for potential hazards... led to monitoring equipment... being installed in all Concorde aircraft. Many data have been derived from this, including more than 20 years experience of the radiological environment. ...these flights indicate that the radiation exposure of Concorde flying crew is unlikely to exceed 6 mSv/y." [2]
I will also suggest the interested reader look into "radiation hormesis" and what data really exists to support the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model, or the idea that any amount of radiation raises risk, below certain dose rates. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2889502/
[1] http://www.icrp.org/icrpaedia/limits.asp [2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1128520/pdf/oen... [3] http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L:...
Though it still begs the question, is Boom going to get that. As I understand it, Concord had nickel-aluminum throughout its body, which has better shielding properties than CF. They are also introducing more flights. Transpolar flights means more dosages.
But given that paper I'm less concerned with the radiation dosages now. I'll still be interested to see what the data says when they start gathering it. We've also learned a lot more about radiation exposure, especially in flight since '96 [1][2]. And note that these values vary quite a lot.
The real interest here will be in solar storms. I also wouldn't be surprised if NASA straps detectors to those planes, if Boom becomes commercial. I'd be very interested to see that.
[1] https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/AGU-NAIRAS.html
[2] https://www.nasa.gov/topics/aeronautics/features/airline-rad...
Even if it were rocket science Boeing has been making rockets a lot longer than SpaceX, who are still handed my them their ass.
Even with all the greatest computer model, one thing remains the same: it takes a massive amount of thrust to maintain supersonic flight. EVERY airplane that is/was capable of supersonic cruise (SR-71, XB-70, F-22, Concorde) have/had comically oversized engines compared to what design rules of thumb would suggest. New technologies enable slightly more efficient airframes and slightly more efficient engines, we are talking about a few percent overall. So, I can see tickets being 20% less than they were in the Concorde's day.
Part of the reason I think they have mis-calculated a number is that they might be calculating a flight cost that includes fuel only and doesn't include other things an airline has to price into a ticket- namely insurance and maintenance. Insurance for the first supersonic passenger plane since the Concorde is guaranteed to be higher than a 767. Maintenance is going to be crazy as well- flying at Mach 2.2 places different stresses on an airplane, and they break a lot. All of the current supercruising airplanes are/were maintenance nightmares. Don't think that technology can "magic away" all the maintenance issues that come up with sustained stress on your engines, skin friction, and cooling issues.
Unless something else changes, there is no way you'll be able to buy a NY to London plane ticket for 75% less than a Concorde. How might they get there? Packing people in like sardines, or replacing normal baggage space with extra seats, would both get more paying seats on board, but would be a big setback from what business class passengers expect. Or maybe there is some magic fuel out there that is lighter than Jet-A/B and delivers more thrust and is safe enough for use in a passenger jet. The existence of magic fuel is unlikely, so be prepared for one of two things- 1. your tickets cost more than expected, or 2. you are packed in like a sardine.
Again, I'm glad that someone is trying to make a supersonic passenger jet, but hyperbolic marketing ultimately hurts you in the long run when it becomes obvious that you can't live up to expectations.
This doesn't make sense to me. The airline should have a netter idea of what passengers can and cant afford. Is they are confident enough to order planes, I feel its safe to assume the demand is there.
More importantly I'd like to know what the cost and payment down is. If its $100k you might have many taking a high risk punt. If its $20m you've got some real commitment and confidence.
Business travelers will be buying these. They'll have a travel budget, the trip will be justified, and the company card will pay. It will pass through silently and might eventually show up in a travel policy that states how only executives are allowed to book supersonic flights.
Not only won't the passengers be mad, they might even be more likely to fly given the reduced travel time. It will now be much faster from NYC to London than to the Bay.
Partial payments like that are an investment in the chance that Boom will deliver something exceptional; they avoid not being in the first wave if Boom succeeds.
It doesn't mean they think the chances of Boom producing a worthwhile product are > 50%.
The supersonic wing is also terrible at subsonic speeds, meaning it takes a terrifying amount of fuel to push it up to altitude and supersonic. Military supersonics deal with this by getting a drink from a tanker after takeoff.
As for aerodynamics, the F-22 is relatively efficient at high subsonic speed and also doesn't require external tanks like earlier jets do.
From a little further reading it seems it seems that supersonic turbofans are actually just the apex of the continued sophisticated work being done on jet engines which has allowed them to push the intake fans of low bypass turbofans up to supersonic airflow speeds.
Naïve question, I know. Just curious...
What? I don't think that has anything to do with it at all, and the distinction between types of engineering seems irrelevant. I think he's pointing out that they're trying to make a profitable business without understanding the necessary costs. Given the nature of startups to overpromise and underdeliver (as that's a common tactic to help raise money), his skepticism seems reasonable to me. I see just as many criticisms of software businesses on this site (actually many more, since there are far more articles about software companies here than hardware companies).
I have very little aerospace experience so I do not claim to be an expert, and while like to see people tackling big problems eventually succeed, his points seem salient to me.
I'm also an "aerospace veteran" and have seen more projects cancelled than succeed (most recently the Lear 85). Designing a new plane is capital "H" Hard. That goes doubly so for planes that are big departures from the previous experience of the company. Cessna makes great light business jets. They are currently trying to design a line of bigger jets and are finding it very hard. Lear can't figure out how to make anything without mechanical flight controls. It takes a couple generations of design to figure things out. So a bunch of engineers from Scaled and Boeing aren't going to help. How many ex-Concorde engineers have they hired?
All right, when you said you are an aerospace veteran I was prepared to take you seriously, but this cancels that out completely. Firstly any Concorde engineers would, if they started their career right out of college on Concorde, be about 80 years old by now. Then this plane is using different and much more modern engine technology, different control systems and different materials. Almost nothing learned from Concorde would be up to date and relevant to this plane, from an engineering perspective.
We should remain skeptical whenever someone says they will do great things that hasn't been done before, but immediately going to the conclusion of "it's impossible because I can't imagine how to make it work" is just plain arrogance - a true skeptic should be skeptical of his/her own judgement.
Boom is using medium-bypass turbofan engines which are much more efficient.
As for comparison with the F-22, The F-22 engines are quite reliable. The F119 engine (to my knowledge) has never had a core failure requiring shutdown in flight. The RAM (Radar Absorbent Material) coating on the F-22 is maintenance intensive, but not required for a SST. Almost 50 years of research should provide a paint that can handle the heating of supersonic flight, with minimal maintenance.
There was some computational modeling, but mostly it was old fashioned engineering: slide rules, models, and as someone else remarked, some over-engineering. The same way people built bridges 150 years ago when that was a black art.
There's a wonderful/sad picture at the Hiller museum on 101 in San Carlos. It shows the day the Boeing SST program† was shut down. In front of the mockup (which is also at the museum) are wooden workbenches with vices attached.
It made me realize that not only were they designing everything with slide rules, but people then built all the parts by hand from drawings a draftsman (not draftsperson in those days unfortunately) also produced by hand from hand-sketches and notes by and engineer. Honestly this blew my mind when I realized that the ME-262, SR-71 and LEM were produced in the same way.
And I should have known: at MIT I took Unified the last year (1983) that the practical work was done entirely on old WW II surplus machine tools. In the next room, not yet unpacked, were early CAD systems.
† I still wonder if Boeing was every really serious about passenger SST.
When it ruins your life, it's a vice. When it holds your work together, it's a vise.
[1] California Dept of Transportation
Though on my course we only had 1 person who worked at a traditional engineering firm the rest of us worked in RnD at the RAE ARA or on campus at CIT.
As for maintenance costs, I imagine that one can expect a very substantial decrease due to the use of CAD, better materials and improved practices. Cost reductions of >40% per flight hour were achieved in the military for "equivalent" aircraft between 1970's and 2000's, and reductions of >50% per seat-mile were achieved in the same period for commercial aircraft (eg: early B747 vs B777). Maintenance costs for commercial airlines are a fraction of the fuel costs in any case.
Finally, it is worth remembering that the Concorde was a very profitable business for British Airways, with operating profit of ~40% for the Concorde!
You make some good points, but BA received their Concordes for free. It's easy to turn a profit with a 150 million pound gift. Air France did not have it as easy. Boom's customers will not be getting their planes for free. And a 50% efficiency saving does not translate into 75% cheaper tickets. And my experience is that claimed maintenance savings are never as good as promised, and that goes doubly so for the "A" variant of any plane.
They specifically mention that both Airlines didn't have to pay for the planes:
> Part of the reason the airlines could claim some profitability on the Concorde was because they did not have to incur capital costs on the planes. [...] The governments of England and France underwrote the costs of building the 14 Concordes, which were then turned over to the two national airlines.
[1] http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/24/nyregion/for-concorde-econ...
Only the last four white-tails were close to free, they cost 1 Franc each.
The original UK Government-borne £115 million contract cost of the BOAC / BA Concordes was being recouped at a rate of 80% of their operating profit until in 1984 BA bought themselves out of the arrangement for £25 million.
FWIW Concorde ticket prices were so high because they were expected to be so high. By clients. BA raised their prices significantly in the early 80s to match what customers perceived the prices would be:
> Market research had revealed that many of Concorde's existing business customers had their tickets purchased by their employers, and thought the cost of a journey on Concorde was more expensive than it actually was; thus ticket prices were progressively raised to match these perceptions.
And what business passenger, by definition someone with a degree of wealth, would cram themselves into a concorde-like seat rather than the epic accommodations of a modern first class cabin? Just to save a couple hours?
forgotten / misunderstood / miscalculated / is hiding
something entirely fundamental to their business model.
Look, this is a company with adults on board. It's not just 2-3 kids doing another CRUD app in a domain they are completely new to. It's engineers with education and long careers in aviation. I think they know better than most of us the size of engines, that planes use fuel and what it cost. I think they know the cost of insurance and maintenance and other cost components that go into flying at supersonic speed.
Of course, supercruising in a fantastically expensive small fighter is not the same as supercruising in an airliner. And a military fighter being sold as "cheap to operate" such as the Gripen E is not the same thing as being able to sell seats in it at commercial prices. 75% less sounds like a LOT, but I'm not sure how much of the Concordes prices consisted of fuel, and how much consisted of other things (expensive development, expensive maintenance?)
(Additionally, I suspect any figure like 1/40th the volume of Concorde is drawn from thin air at this point. They don't have a prototype flying subsonic yet, much less supersonic.)
Plus, frankly, if we get a handle on energy and road vehicles it probably just won't matter. Those two factors would reduce emissions by an order of magnitude. The planet might just be able to sustain air travel without intervention. Also, I like going fast.
London is introducing a new "T-charge" today whereby owners of older and more polluting vehicles have to pay an extra fee to enter central London.
I suspect that 'a jet that generates double the pollution so that rich people can get to their destination faster' is dead on arrival.
The Concorde actually burned almost 8x as much fuel per passenger-mile as a 747. However that still only brought it down to 14 passenger-miles per US gallon. In the US the average car gets 25 mpg[1], so they're on the same magnitude. A modern supersonic jet would probably get closer to if not better than an average car, but that's also nullified if you put more people in the car. NB that the ban is on selling, not owning, as far as I know.
So yeah on a per-pollution basis it checks out, but the car ban can happen because electric cars are essentially identical and completely substitute-able. I seriously doubt it would happen if electric cars could only drive half the speed of gasoline cars. I could see a carbon tax but I think a ban is very unlikely. Airplanes are just too efficient, and get well over 100 mpg nowadays.
[1]: https://phys.org/news/2016-11-average-fuel-economy-high-mpg....
It isn't just more emissions per passenger mile, but this will also instead the number of passenger miles due to its convenience.
How could they call a plane something that means "explosion"?
> Boom's airliner is designed to maximize efficiency while producing a “boom” at least 30 times quieter than Concorde's.
Did you also predict the failure of the iPad in the marketplace, due to its unfortunate name?
http://www.theherald.com.au/story/4659526/the-untold-story-o...
I don't mind paying 1% of ticket cost to pilots when it's hundreds of life in question. It's very different when you have 500 passengers and 1 passenger in a 35k car.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_Flight_7...
Automation has made flying safer, as pointed out in the article you link, but we have entered a new era where humans can no longer trust computers nor fully take over control.
I don't know where that part comes from, it's not mentioned in the wikipedia page, nor any of the sources or on the swedish version of the page (together with the sources). Would be interesting if there really is a phobia of more technically advanced airplanes, but I don't think this is one of those cases.
There are research done in this domain, but unfortunately can not find the reference right now. Basically, even though there are less and less airplane accidents, a common theme now is the pilots saying "I don't understand what the plane is doing".
PS: This is the pilot in question, there is a reference to the "Mayday" episode where he is interviewed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_G._Rasmussen
Compare this with the costs of such a project, with ground systems facilities, extra development costs, regulatory hurdles. Then you have the human element, having no pilot on board would certainly scare away some passengers but more importantly would make the whole project seem much riskier from an investors' point of view.
While it's feasible from a technological standpoint, it's not a worthwhile effort to consider at this day and age. There just isn't much to be gained by not having pilots on board.