New Da Vinci bio portrays a man obsessed with knowledge, impossible to know
newyorker.com
newyorker.com
Not to deny Leonardo's might, but quite similar to the pattern of (e.g.) more Depeche Mode songs on the radio signals new album/tour.
There is nowhere stated: reason for this article is to promote the book sale.
Knowing true reason/motivtion of somebody's actions is important. You can also draw conclusions if somebody is hiding their true motivation under pretext.
I just got finished with the first 150 pages, and this book is amazingly great at conveying how obsessed with knowledge he had while dissecting all of his works. Highly recommend everyone to read it.
It's a bit like the portrayal of Steve Jobs. Sure, I can read testimonies about how he was an asshole - but how would I know for sure?
Also Leonardo was a vegetarian, and that's another data point. It's all based on correlation basically.
Another fun fact from the letters - Newton invited the con artist George Psalmanazar over for lunch at some point circa 1703. Psalmanazar claimed to be a Taiwanese prince but had long blonde hair and a faint French accent. Unclear if Newton was taken in, but Halley was able to stump him with an astronomy-based question. Sounds like something from the Baroque Cycle but it all really happened.
Why would a Taiwanese prince have to be an expert in Astronomy?
Let's not forget that Jobs underwent a surgery to remove the first round of cancer, and then ended up getting a liver transplant (probably because his pancreatic cancer has metastised into this organ as well). Because of the immunosuppressive medication one has to take for the rest of one's life after a transplant, recurring cancer is extremely dangerous because the cancer can grow unbounded.
I don't really see how surgery and a transplant align with "smarter than medicine."
Isn't this analogous to noting that "founding fathers owned slaves!"
http://www.listsofnote.com/2012/04/einsteins-demands.html
No trying to demonize him but this definitely a little unusual.
Keep in mind that often times wives were essentially viewed as property, and subject to extreme (physical) abuse.
And of course that hasn't stopped.
I'm not supporting that behavior, of course.
I guess I can relate to what was happening there, and I can't dismiss the possibility of (extreme) psychological abuse from the other side.
I think Einstein's perceived humility was mostly a consequence of the fact that he was mostly right on everything he said, and people quickly acknowledged as much. Relativity overtook aether theory shockingly quickly for instance. There's the old quote that science progresses one funeral at a time. The meaning there being that people tend to obstinately hold onto past beliefs, so it is frequent that it takes the passing of one generation for progress to be effectively made by another. One of his only views that was not widely accepted was that of his view of quantum mechanics - and that's where his snidery started to emerge. But in other cases having your revolutionary ideas rapidly and universally adopted is going to make it rather easier to speak softly knowing your big stick is certainly up to task. And that's probably one too many quotes for a single post...
> A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving...
The dice quote makes more sense when you consider Einstein's personal philosophy, which had led him to discover relativity and aspects of QM. He strongly believed that once you uncover nature's secrets, not only do you understand the universe more, but you see why nothing else could possibly have been the case. Quantum mechanics as it was formulated/interpreted in his time violated this principle, thus he was motivated to look for the deeper secret. We're still arguing whether there's something deeper to this day. The particular type of model Einstein was exploring may have been dismissed, but you cannot fault his motivation - all physicists need one.
This fashion for conflating intelligence (of all kinds) and egotism is utterly beyond me.
I would beg to differ. Most of the people I know of high intelligence seem to be a jack-of-all-trades, with almost all of them having, if not a heavy love of language, a decent dollop of it.
Ultimately, there is art and creativity in everything, you just need to know where to find it. The type of creativity that creates a stunning artistic composition is the same sort of creativity that creates a masterful Rube-Goldberg system, and the same sort of creativity that creates complex formulas to describe and generalize real life occurrences. Your brain knows the constraints, sub-patterns, and has an array of tools that allow it to intuitively define the form, and you go through processes to fit it.
It's not difficult to come to opinion when you work with programmers :-)
An example being, each time you would make a slight pause in your sentence, than a comma is required, otherwise you would keep writing until a sentence has ended with a period, or as I was originally taught, a full colon.
If you're talking about the 'Oxford comma', then that is definitely not a style advocating for gratuitous comma usage in general, only an extra one on the final item of a list.
Outside of lists, commas are used to separate clauses. They are never used so separate subjects and verbs, as that is always awkward and superfluous. It has nothing to do with pauses, and much more to do with coordinating intonation patterns.
Sometimes using a more formal tone in writing can be a nice change, and give an article a more through out perview from the reader.
For example, for this article I found myself reading it at a slower pace than usual, attempting to piece the facts in with the time period, as it were. As such as I have written this comment, a more formal language used to convey a more inherent life or fact to the writing.
It doesn't mean that it is inherently more truthful, but, in my opinion, that the reader should spend more time thinking of the context of the article, and less about the absolute absorb the information and move on style of reading.
I do appreciate those writing styles occasionally, and frankly often find myself more drawn into the articles subjects (which I'm sure is the primary goal of the author), I do not find myself teaching these styles.
At the risk of digressing, of which I surely am, there are, at the most basic level, two levels of English. The common, more easily read article(such as we commonly see on HAN), or the more prosaic, lofty style.
Just because it's written as a high minded, lofty worded article though, doesn't mean it should be taken as truth(I am not referring this comment to the current article, just in general, I do not have enough knowledge of the subject matter to argue it's merits).
That's my opinion on the matter for what it's worth :-)
Unfortunately I haven't taken the time to read multiple biographies to try to put his books into reasonable context. My comment is an attempt at getting someone who may have to weigh in.
What really happened was:
After the Spanish Reconquista (the fall of Al-Andalus, or Islamic Spain), the Toledo school of translators translated all the material brought from early Islamic Universities (aka Madrasas) into Latin. Those books were then used in the first European universities and scholar centers such as Oxford.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_translations_of_the_12th...
...also the Islamic empire was razed to the ground by the Mongols after the Siege of Baghdad. A bunch of knowledge carefully collected for centuries conveniently fell in European hands and today we have this urban myth of people like Leonardo Da Vinci figuring it all out on his own.
There is merit in the Reinassance and people like Leonardo, but they are a part of an uninterrupted chain of teaching and learning, not reclusive geniuses that came out with all the answers out of nowhere, a premise that has been used as the foundation for an arrogant sense of exceptionalism.
You can downvote this all you want but it won't make it false.
Of course, that literature was not originally in Latin, and had to be translated. Where and when was it translated? In great part, in Toledo, Spain after the fall of Al-Andalus.
e.g: Nicolaus Copernicus started his studies using almanacs and tables such as the Alfonsine tables, the tables were originally in Arabic and were collected/translated by Alfonso X of Castile in Toledo. They included observations ranging from the days of Ptolomy onwards. Without that, Copernicus could not have done what he did.
St. Albertus Magnus, the teacher of St. Thomas Aquinas, studied the works of Aristotle, commented by Averroes, translated from Arabic and Greek into Latin. Without that, St. Thomas Aquinas' works on philosophy and everything based on that would not exist.
Many Western discoveries came from innovations in optics (e.g: telescope, microscope). The foundation from that in great part can be credited to the Islamic empire. They experimented with reflection, refraction, lenses, etc... and that is original work with literature to support it.
There is of course much more but I don't really have the time to go through all that, e.g: numerals, medicine, trade, etc.
So, wrapping up, without their influence this is what would have happened: no scientific method, no real philosophy and/or theology, unsafe medicine, no microscope, no telescope, using ridiculous impractical numerals... a scientific setback worth hundreds of years. Today you would be at best in the middle of the first industrial revolution.
It's not by random chance that this creative boom came after the print press was invented - in Europe.
After it, the knowledge that was limited to a few people, was spread out via a media development: books, the medium that fueled all of this.
Leonardo was just curious, and had fuel to feed the curiosity, with answers.
Additionally, the major change people usually aren't aware of was the spread of papermaking knowledge through Europe around the 12th and 13th century. Before that point, most books were created on Parchment, which was much more expensive. I've read somewhere that a single bible took ~3000 sheep to produce.
Regarding the papermaking, I believe we can fit it in the same boat as other craftsmanship that evolved previously and allowing for the development for the press itself (but definitely papermaker had a greater role in some dimension - cost/manufacturing/distribution).
If you struggle, you can ask your highly educated peers (<1% of literacy at the time) to provide some help, or you ask the scientific elite at the time, a bunch of theocratic fanatics that would prosecute you, torture you and burn you alive along with all your findings as soon as you publish them.
Stop hoarding the credit. The Reinassance wasn't a self-emergent phenomenon. It required external influence to happen and that is factual.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_translations_of_the_12th...
Philosophy changed that, and you might want to take a look at where that philosophy came from, who translated it and when.
In that Age there was so many processes in the name of Plato or Aristoteles...
https://www.theringer.com/music/2017/10/16/16476254/joni-mit...
(This one is also good, the Joni Mitchell one was just better.)