Two good resources that give a strong philosophical foundation are Howard Mark's Chairman's Letters (free @ Oaktree Capital website), David Einhorn's "Fooling Some of the People All of the Time", and Nassim Taleb's "Fooled by Randomness."
Here's a book I used for Corporate Finance and valuations of companies: https://www.amazon.ca/Valuation-Measuring-Managing-Value-Com...
If you poke around you'll find plenty of books with similar titles and target audiences.