SMS took off faster in Europe than in the US, but we've had bundled packages for so long that the individual cost per text wasn't such an issue, and now on many plans they're unlimited.
I guess the differing cost structure depending on who you're texting and from where may have spurred the adoption of WhatsApp, whereas in the US, even if you WERE paying per text, it was the same across a territory of many thousands of miles and hundreds of millions of people. And, the same way that many folks in the US do not even have a passport, they tend also not to have a reason to text internationally. The size and homogeneity of the country benefits the adoptions of some technologies, but hinders the adoption of others.
I think the reason is that a typical cell phone plan in Europe was like 5€ per month, plus 0.07 cents per text (or call minute). Whereas typical American plan was $50 month, but unlimited free text and calls. So people who text lot didn't want to pay even for the tiny amounts for individual text messages, and migrated to using apps.
The all-inclusive fixed price monthly plans are only now getting more popular in Europe.
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/30/fashion/tinder-the-fast-g...
But yes not every 2 minutes