"I don't see the benefit of typed languages if I keep writing code as if it was PHP/JavaScript/Go" ... OF COURSE YOU DON'T!
This is missing most of the benefits, because the main benefits of a better type system isn't realized by writing the same code, the benefits are realized by writing code that leverages the new possibilities.
Another benefit of static typing is that it applies to other peoples' code and libraries, not only your own.
Being able to look at the signatures and bring certain about what some function _can't_ do is a benefit that untyped languages lack.
I think the failure of "optional" typing in Clojure is a very educational example in this regard.
The failure of newer languages to retrofit nullabillity information onto Java is another one.