- React uses JSX and JS logic for render methods. Vue usually uses templates, although JSX is also supported.
- While React _can_ be used as a plain script tag, it's usually compiled as part of a build step. Vue can be compiled, but it seems friendlier to the "drop-in script tag" approach.
- The Vue community values official integrated addons for routing and state management. The React community prefers a "pick-and-choose your own adventure" approach.
- Since React has been around longer, there's probably more React components and related libraries available
- A larger percentage of the Vue community is located in China
The best comparison of Angular, React, and Vue I've seen thus far is at https://medium.com/unicorn-supplies/angular-vs-react-vs-vue-... . It lays out a lot of the similarities and differences in a fair way, and gives some suggestions for why you might pick one over the others.
What I fail to see is how I would choose one over the other for different types of projects. To me, it's a choice a person or a team makes for all projects at once. Jumping back and forth between stacks here would be a lot like jumping back and forth between Django and Ruby on Rails. They aim to solve the same thing, and if you can use one effectively then why would you reach for the other?