The arbitration didn't involve trade secret claims, which the lawsuit against Uber does. Instead, the arbitration involved poaching employees.[0] Poaching employees is child's play compared to stealing the LIDAR design.

Second, Judge Alsup referred the case the US attorney's office for criminal investigation. If convicted of intellectual property theft (and there's a lot of evidence about this), Anthony Levandowski could be end up in prison for a very long time.

[0] https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/29/waymo-pursued-arbitration-...

[1] https://www.wired.com/2017/05/googles-fight-uber-takes-turn-...