In Sweden I got an identity card with a chip that I can use with BankID (a system that uses a card reader + PIN for most transactions). There is a Tax ID number but this is pretty much a public record (you can find out people's incomes very easily, in fact small local newspapers run every year "richest people in X articles") In addition, every time a company runs a credit check on me, the credit reporting company must snail mail a copy of my credit report to my physical address. So it would be pretty easy for me to detect a fake account creation.