' PRIME (U+2032)
" DOUBLE PRIME aka inch mark (U+2033)
have their own codepoints
http://practicaltypography.com/foot-and-inch-marks.html
which describes implications for typesetting coordinates and other things:
118° 19′ 43.5″
118° 19’ 43.5” wrong (curly quotes, although it renders identical in some fonts)
118° 19' 43.5" right
An ʻokina (U+02BB, as found in "Hawaiʻi") is neither an apostrophe nor a left quotation mark.
But for anything related to contemporary typesetting on the web I recommend Practical Typography and especially the Type Composition chapter:
http://practicaltypography.com/type-composition.html#links
Including notes on quotes and apostrophes:
http://practicaltypography.com/straight-and-curly-quotes.htm...