A Japanese Pen Maker Anticipated the Fountain-Pen Renaissance
bloomberg.com
bloomberg.com
The old desire of building your identity around what you own instead of what you do is not going anywhere. Good for them picking up the extra money people have.
Of course Nakaya pens are good writing pens, but the quality of pen as a tool levels around $50-$70 price mark. Extra is just collecting expensive shit. I have Japanese fountain pen that costs $60 and any more expensive pen I have tested is no better, just different. Good nib and mechanism is not rocket science. https://www.twsbi.com
That's really spot on. We could have an incredibly fulfilling life while living frugally. Writing books, making art, creating new software, doing research, etc. Creating and understanding yourself better can be healing. Physical possessions like this pen is just so vain, shallow, and meaningless. Some of the happiest peoples' lives are built around shared experiences.
>this pen is just so vain, shallow, and meaningless.
I hope you can see the contradiction here. These pens are the result of skills honed over time by people who are masters of their craft. These aren't mass produced items, and they will tailor basically every aspect of the pen to the customer.
You're paying for the artistry, quality, and customization. These things are more expensive when not mass produced.
Would I buy one? Not unless I just had a bunch of money that I had nothing else to do with. But for someone who talks about making art being a fulfilling venture, it doesn't make sense to scorn something that many people consider art.
Remember, it's not expensive because that's what it costs to make it's expensive because that's what it takes to sell them.
That's not how pricing works. The price of the product is what customers pay, not how much it costs to manufacture.
If you remove brand name and perception of luxury and rarity from these pens and say it's manufactured by some Vietnamese pop and son shop, the value drops into fraction what it was. It might cost $100 and be expensive pen but not hundreds or thousands like now.
The point I actually wanted to drill down was: "building your identity around what you own instead of what you do". I could've omitted my sentence on the pen. Buying a pen or any piece of art isn't vain. But it's sad when someone centers the life and builds their identity around physical possessions.
And we could also live frugally while appreciating things of beauty and craft like those pens. I know people who don't have a car (and aren't rich) but chose to spend $5000 on art, or such things.
>Writing books, making art, creating new software, doing research, etc.
Well, if you have the money -- even enough to live with--, what would be the need of this frenetic activity? Writing books, making art, doing research etc?
This seems vain too, in the "me, me, me, I should put my name out there, be known in the future, etc" sense. It's only that certain civilizations haven't been trained to recognize this as vein. What if you don't create anything? Who said people have to? Why not just enjoy life? Work if you have to, have fun with friends and family, have some nice food and drink, walk, etc.
It's also philosophy 101: self-realisation is who you are and not what you own. Go read Marcus Auerelius, Erich Fromm, etc.
I disagree. People liked rare and expensive things in all cultures since forever -- from ancient Egypt and Greece, to African tribes to Polynesian island nations.
What's unique in modern capitalist culture is the commercialization of everything and anything and the constant consumption -- not the appreciation of finely crafted / expensive stuff. In some ways a Lamborghini is a great achievement of engineering and art, for example.
I also don't think people buying those pens are doing so because of a "desire to climb the status ladder". That might be true for those buying a $1000 suit or $300 shoes, but those paying $3000 for a fountain pen have already climbed it.
Some people just like things.
I cycle, and I like Rapha Brevette jerseys. Yes they are expensive, but I like the way they fit and some specific features. I know I could get 99% of the functionality for 40% of the price.
Regarding Castelli though.. The Perfecto and Gabba are so much (technically) better for cold/wet weather than anything else I'm not sure that status matters.
But I merely wanted to remark, that to me, personally (and I suspect to other people on HN), acts of creations (like writing, programming, art, etc) bring far more joy and pleasure than physical posessions, binge-watching Netflix shows, and in general consuming, etc. And I assume a lot of people on this site share a similar, "creator" mindset, and likely enjoy similar things. I've sometimes binge-watched TV shows, and regretted the time wasted. I remembered I would've been much happier doing something creative. Ironically, despite it bringing more happiness, it's easy to occasionally slip into doing less-satisfying stuff. That quote in the article was a good reminder.
Physical possessions like this pen is just so vain, shallow, and meaningless.
Have you thought this through, to the point where you have a cut-off?Is it the cheapest? Is a 12-cent biro vain, because there's a 10-cent biro?
Is it a $10 fountain pen, because you could have bought a cheap BIC? Is a $30 fountain pen OK, but a $50 fountain pen is shallow and meaningless? Where do you draw the line?
The ways in which people express status varies from social group to group
So does this notion only apply to people who demonstrate this status? Does it apply to someone who buys an expensive fountain pen, keeps it in their desk drawer, and uses it to write, but doesn't talk/boast about it?It seems a bit of a sweeping statement to claim that owning a pen is vain, and could use a bit more clarification/justification to show the basis for making a claim like that. If any such claim relies on ethnographic or sociological studies, then wouldn't it be appropriate to cite those when making such a claim?
Without that, such a claim could justifiably be described as reverse snobbery.
"If any such claim relies on ethnographic or sociological studies, then wouldn't it be appropriate to cite those when making such a claim?"
I think you might have wrong end of the stick. I have no idea if there are any studies on the cultural capital of pens. The point is a general methodological one - we can only understand the 'status' that any given commodity is supposed to possess by first investigating the particular ways in which it functions in a definite social group.
"So does this notion only apply to people who demonstrate this status?"
Everyone is always 'demonstrating status' all of the time so I hardly think this is enough to condemn someone.
But to get to the point: obviously buying a $4000 pen is a conspicuous symbol of status by which to differentiate yourself from other people. IMO it is utterly grotesque: in a world based on radical inequality where billions of people live miserable, indigent lives, buying a pen for that amount suggests that you care more about appearing to be rich that about helping anyone. It is a farcical, individualist act of petty self-congratulation.
I never claimed that 'owning a pen is vain'.
My comment referred to the GP's statement: Physical possessions like this pen is just so vain, shallow, and meaningless.When I ask "Where is the cut-off", it's to prompt thought, to draw out an answer to the question: where is that cut-off?
"obviously buying a $4000 pen…is utterly grotesque"
So where should the cut-off be? Is it $3500? $350? Where does the price of a pen become grotesque? If $4000 is obviously grotesque, where does that value statement become less obvious? Isn't that worth thinking about?Another aspect to that debate are those who didn't buy the pen. For example, those gifted it in a will, or who win it as a prize. Or even of those who do buy it, perhaps an aspiring writer, who spends the entirety of their advance on this pen - not to signify or demonstrate their wealth - but as relief that they've finally been signed, as proof to themselves that they're not an imposter. Sure, it might not be the most practical use of their money, but does it justify the ad hominem of "grotesque"?
Yes, there is vast inequality in the world, and $4000 would be an enormous amount of money to a vast number of people. But if that's the argument, it doesn't matter whether it's a pen, a car, a house, a painting, an antiquity, a rare MtG card; the argument simply becomes: is it grotesque to spend $X when there's a cheaper alternative?
IMO both are relevant to the evaluation of anybody who buys the $4000 pen. There is a distributional element (the money is better spent on those who actually need it), an ideological element (you live in a system that inculcates desires for useless commodities), a cultural element (you are playing a status game in which useless things are feted), and a character element (the third & to some extent first of these things suggests that those who buy $4000 pen's are terrible, vain people)
I already addressed why I don't think there is an axiomatic answer about the 'cut-off' above: it's contextual. But clearly (in my mind, anyway) in the global political, economic and cultural conditions in which we live the purchase of a $4000 pen is grotesque.
the symbolic capital of a pen…
(a system that inculcates desires for useless commodities)…
(a status game in which useless things are feted).
To me, a pen is utilitarian, not useless. I can see how the additional usefulness of a $4000 pen Vs a $400 pen could theoretically be questioned, but having no experience of using either, I wouldn't like to argue that case. I don't think there is an axiomatic answer about the 'cut-off' above: it's contextual.
The reason I'm specifically questioning this is that your responses seem to demonstrate an axiomatic answer: $4000. That figure (and presumably any amount above $4000) is, in your words, "obviously utterly grotesque", but there's no indication how you came to that figure. in the global political, economic and cultural conditions
in which we live the purchase of a $4000 pen is grotesque
Are you saying that for everyone, the purchase of a $4000 pen is grotesque? That context does not matter once the sum reaches $4000? I appreciate there may be shades of gray, but is there a range where you would start to challenge this? Say, 10 times the median price for a pen in that particular location? What's justifying that figure of $4000, other than "it's obvious"?When it comes to challenging behaviour, and especially describing certain behaviour as "grotesque", it feels like there might be a better way to separate them.
The numbers matter when it comes to discussing (and influencing/lobbying) policy. The world's richest 8 people have the same wealth as 50% of the world's population [1]. Is that grotesque? Bill Gates uses some of that wealth to help some of the poorest people in the world. Does that offset his grotesque wealth? Does that justify it?
In the USA, a CEO earns 2,617 times the average salary for American workers [2]. Is that grotesque?
In the UK, the average FTSE100 CEO earns 129 times their average employee. 20 years ago, that figure was only 45 times, or roughly a third of the current inequality [2]. Which is fairer? What could be done to make things more fair?
These questions and discussions are important, because they can inform policy. For example, tax rates and bands - such as 90% tax rate on earnings over $X (which has been done in the past, but seems to be politically untenable at the moment). If you want to call certain spending grotesque, it's helpful to have a reasonable rationale for that figure.
[1] https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/jan/16/w...
[2] https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/29/business/britain-ceo-exec...
Pen's are not useless. But the clear implicature of what I said is that the functional difference between an ordinary pen and a $4000 pen is negligible such that the $4000 pen is useless given that fact (i.e. one might as well go ahead and use a normal pen).
That is not an axiomatic answer, it's my answer under the present state of things (I was explicit on that point).
I don't really understand the point of this pedantry? I think all of the things you list are fairly grotesque. But I don't have any great interest in wandering from a discussion about conspicuous consumption to one about tax policy. To be frank: I am interested in alternatives to capitalism, and a great deal of the existing order of things bothers me profoundly.
"If you want to call certain spending grotesque, it's helpful to have a reasonable rationale for that figure."
I have already given you a rationale. To claim otherwise is supercilious. You may not like it; but there is one.
It would be prudent to articulate the specifics in order to deliteate alternatives to capitalism. This would be "formulating policy", or "pedantry". You can't have it both ways. If you just want your argument to be heard and not discuss the specifics then say just that: "I don't care about the specifics, I know how i feel about it already."
You're absolutely unable to give a rationale despite your claims. So reading your posts, I'm still unsure if we should we all get the cheapest option we can get for anything because money can be "better spent helping others" or not. Is buying a car that is not the cheapest one available also a "farcical, individualist act of petty self-congratulation." ? Is it impossible to fulfill altruistic as well as personal goals ?
Also, why would money be better spent on "those who actually need it" (no definition is provided, from your stance and hate of wealth I'd guess people that can't afford 4000$ pens) than on elite craftmanship ? Do these craftsman, who produce something you're actively interested in (creating some kind of bond) not deserve money for their art ? Better give it away to something you have no emotional bound to ?
>To be frank: I am interested in alternatives to capitalism, and a great deal of the existing order of things bothers me profoundly.
Oh, really ? What a surprise ! A sadly common trait amongst hateful and judgemental people who show blatant inconsistencies coupled with a compulsive need to press reply.
I have given a rationale. It was not especially complicated but, then, this is a thread on hacker, and not a manifesto. I don't see why identifying a paradigm case of conspicuous consumption requires that I offer either a comprehensive program of public policy, or a normative philosophy of what one should and should not buy. I can perfectly well defend the proposition that people who buy $4000 pens are doing something terrible on its own terms. Which I have been doing.
My position is straightforward: there are reasons based on cultural capital, and on political economy, for the proposition that those who buy these pens are worthy of contempt. I broke these down as follows above:
1. Distributional: in that the $4000 pen is functionally useless relative to a pen 1/100th its price, and that we live in a world of palpable inequality where billions of people live in misery, to buy the pen is to suggest that you think very little about other human beings
2. Ideological: This is a little more complicated. I have the view that capitalism is a system that has an inherent drive to inculcate the desire for commodities, whether or not they are especially useful or not. This is a kind of genetic argument (you have the desire because and only because of the economic conditions in which you live), and an ideological argument (that desire is created by and supports capitalism; it helps to perpetuate a very unjust set of relations by giving you highly distorted preferences).
3. Cultural: these kinds of items are part of a cultural game of symbolic capital played among the super-rich, by virtue of the fact that they have everything (and more) than anyone could possibly need, and need to find some other way of differentiating themselves from others. It has much the same function as buying branded clothes - the desired property is not the clothing, but the status that comes with it.
4. The above 1-3 suggest that whoever buys a $4000 pen is a shallow person who doesn't care about other humans, and who is unduly concerned with their social status within a sub-culture of similarly noxious people.
"Oh, really ? What a surprise ! A sadly common trait amongst hateful and judgemental people who show blatant inconsistencies coupled with a compulsive need to press reply."
Again, if you think that I am somehow inconsistent then demonstrate it. Don't just allege it. I don't really see what the word 'judgmental' is doing here. Yes, I have an evaluative take on conspicuous consumption - this seems like a fairly standard kind of evaluative thought. Do you not evaluate the social world? The allegation that I have a 'compulsive need to press reply' is also rather strange. I have replied once to each reply to me.
I am not hateful. We just live in a very unjust world.
This kind of debate tactic always puzzles me, forcing a binary state on an opinion. The quoted bit even implies a spectrum, given the adjective 'utterly'.
I can't imagine you saying the same to a friend who said "I went for a very long drive last weekend" > "What's the cutoff for long? 50 miles? 100 miles?"
forcing a binary state on an opinion.
Shades are OK too. For example: "$4000 is grotesque, $400 is sketchy, anything above $100 could potentially be justified, and below $100 is safe territory".It doesn't have to be binary, but when someone states a certain figure - "$4000 is obviously grotesque" - then a binary state has already been established. $4000 and above is grotesque, below is, well, possibly grotesque, possibly not. Uncertain, clearly. That seems a sensible starting point for a discussion, to understand what makes $4000 grotesque, and does it also apply to $3000, $2000 - to understand the rationale for such a statement.
I can't imagine you saying the same to a friend who said
"I went for a very long drive last weekend"
> "What's the cutoff for long? 50 miles? 100 miles?"
I can imagine asking "So how long is long?"I grew up in mid Cornwall, where a trip to Plymouth (55 miles) was generally considered a long drive. These days, I consider driving to Chamonix (780 miles) a long-ish drive, and to Istanbul a properly long drive. So knowing that my idea of a "long drive" has changed over time, and knowing my notion could easily differ from theirs, yes, I'd easily ask what they considered a long drive.
By the way, I never bought a product for showing off in my life. Wait, I lie: I bought a $30 tshirt because it had a cool version of the Debian logo. But otherwise, I don't have anything to rationalize :)
I should make it concrete with an example. Say someone buys a $4000 pen, which has a 75% profit margin. Those $3000 were not wasted, they just moved from the buyer's bank account to the company owner's bank account, which could use them for anything, including helping the poor.
Meanwhile, the $1000 went to pay for actual resources that were used up, and so in the POV that these pens are useless compared to helping the poor, that's the actual waste.
In your hypothetical, there's an (arguably) beautiful pen in the world, now, which wasn't there before. Surely that must have some value?
Otherwise, all forms of human endeavor are kind of pointless and a net negative for the world, right? If we only count the costs and ignore the product of the work?
The person who was saying it was negative was Emma_Goldman above, who decried the purchase of a $4000 pen in a world where billions of people live miserable, indigent lives.
What I'm saying is, it's not so bad, because of those $4000, most of it was just moved to someone else's bank account, the actual use of resources was small. Effectively, the buyer just delegated the power of alleviating poverty with that money to someone else.
That being said, these pens are a work of art and as such I have a great deal of apprication for them and their creators.
You don't have to choose one or the other, that would be a false dichotomy.
There are guys who are just pen enthusiasts, and own these pens because it's their passion. They are often very interesting guys, like living encyclopedia of pens.
They are some who like to own something precious as an extension of themselves. It's their pen, they have memories associated with it. Maybe they bought it when they finished their studies, or it was given by someone dear, or maybe it was carefully chosen because it matches ones personality. Pulling out this pen gives them feelings that a disposable BIC doesn't.
Or maybe this pen was bought as a form of support. Because the owner maybe thinks that he should reward companies that do things by hands, or use certain materials or design, reasoning that if they don't buy, on one will, and this way of doing things will disappear.
And this physical possession is not just a meaningless lump of material. More often then not, it is the result of hard work. I am often amazed at the engineering and craftsmanship behind everyday items. Even good marketing is worthy of respect.
So don't belittle physical possessions.
Did you type it on a mechanical keyboard?
And so is the old desire of looking down on people that see life differently from us.
It's hard to beat a Pilot Metropolitan at ~$15 (which is a Japanese pen), although many higher-end pens are prettier (and I tend to prefer lighter pens). But the Parker Vacuumatic is the best looking pen ever made.
I see fountain pens and notebooks as inexpensive hobby and fascination that I really enjoy. So yeah, go TWSBI you can't go wrong.
There really is something horrible about cheap pens, and nothing is worse than a pen that looks expensive yet writes cheaply... for those who don't know what I'm talking about, when lines matter, little things like skipping, shaking, and uneven lines become massive aggravations, no matter how minute they seem to a casual observer.
With all that said, I'm not so into writing implements that I'd want to drop hundreds or thousands of dollars on a pen. I'd need a lot more convincing to believe that extra money is worth it.
I still like the article.
Sounds like we have been on a similar journey (typing this on a Corsair K95). I still enjoy finding a really good pen, but they rarely cost more than 10-20 usd and I mostly use them for sketching UI. If only there was a keyboard equivalent to The Pilot G2 0.7.
I used Liquid Expresso pens back when I was a bike messenger. Every secretary would try to steal them, and often beg me to leave one for them.
I used to write with Cello Maxriters but at some point they became too thin and uncomfortable for me. Then I discovered G2 0.7 – and for the next 8 years (2 in high school and 6 in the uni) I refused to write with anything but them. When I couldn't find refills I just bought new pens (plural). Eventually, they started to miss from the local shops but at the same time, I started to write less with a pen and more with a keyboard.
I still have packs of red, black and even green refills in a box somewhere in my house.
They might not be 'pleasant' to write with, but writing is such a passive task to people they don't notice or care.
I've gifted people starter fountain pens on occasion, if there job involves lots of writing. Very few actually got into it, and just stuck to cheap Bics, since they always worked with no issue. And the only Montblancs I've ever seen in the wild were Roller Balls, though I suppose Doctor's scratch the tool doesn't matter.
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The keyboard analogy is nice. Since people often hunt for vintage fountain pens like old Model M's. And I suppose a keyboard's just a modern pen.
I never got too obsessed with the equipment though, decent paper (the stuff that doesn't gunk up on the nib) and a Lamy Safari (EF nib) were perfectly adequate.
There's a reason that AutoCAD was incredibly successful in the 1980s. Any CAD system was at least an order of magnitude faster than pen and ink drafting.
If you are interested in an inexpensive practical fountain pen, you should look into the Lamy Safari. It is easy to maintain, writes smoothly, and feels good in the hand. It is my every day pen.
Quick drying "document" inks are also good for everyday use. They don't fade or smear.
See also Sailor and TWSBI for good everyday fountain pens.
As for ballpoint pens, during stays in Japan I accumulated a small collection of multi-color ballpoint pens with extra thin tips, most of them from Mitsubishi. Small sketches and notes tend to look a bit tidier and the thin Japanese pens made for kanji writing are superior for this. Also changing colors is quite nice for note-taking.
But if you want something real cheap, I find that Platinum Preppy ($3) is also quite good.
Of course, the most I write by hand these days are notes or a shopping list, so no need for fountain pens for me.
Paper is a bigger issue with fountain pens. Avoid Moleskine, choose Rhodia.
This story caused me to re-activate mine and a few other fountain pens I haven't used in a while.
[1] https://www.kaweco-pen.com/en/pens/fountain-pens/454/kaweco-...
If you travel, large increases in elevation will make the pen burp up some ink. So I always pack mine in a separate baggie wrapped in some tissue paper.
If you run out of ink, refilling it on the go is a royal pain in the ass. Once a fountain pen becomes your daily writer, you need to have a spare pen on hand. The Lamy has a convenient window to indicate the ink level, but it isn't 100% reliable. Personally I just use a nice gel pen that is wet enough for my taste as my backup.
Lamy cartridges are expensive. Expensive enough that I've switched my Lamy over to piston fill with a so-called "converter" to use a bottle of ink that should last years. OTOH, Pilot/Namiki cartridges are very inexpensive and I still use those in my Pilot Metro.
You might want to look at different nibs though, to find the right amount of fineness you want.
[1] https://smile.amazon.com/Lamy-Safari-Fountain-Pen-Charcoal/d...
I had given up on fountain pens, as I always had problems with them clogging or leaking or just not being able to find refills. The Varsity has me using fountain pens again.
At about $2/per, there's no reason not to give them a try to see if you like them.
On the other hand, there's Platinum Preppys. I've been using one converted to an eyedropper much of the time for nearly a decade.
It's not an _Amazing_ pen, but it's got a nice solid brass body, the quality control is very consistent), it's a nice consistent writer, and they sell on Amazon for ~$12.
It's my usual recommendation for a "gateway" pen.
TWSBI Eco. People talk about how smooth it is but I found mine to be scratchy (which may not bother you because you like the Metro Fine and I found it scratchy as well). Be warned, you cannot fill it using a syringe.
Another option is the Jinhao X450, but use a Goulet nib instead of the Jinhao nib.
Fancier bodies is almost entirely a style thing - if you want a certain look, you can pay for it.
Nibs is a trickier thing. The "solid gold nib" thing isn't just marketing, there's actual advantages to it - mostly an opportunity to make the nib "softer" as it bends and flexes slightly as you write. This is very much a taste thing as well, but a much more difficult one to judge online! Different brands will generally have house "feels" - Lamy is a popular entry brand, and tends to make all their nibs super stiff, with almost no flex. Pilot or Sailors stlye tends to run softer. It's also worth mentioning that Japanese brands almost all run one size "finer", so if you're looking for a nib from a European company like Lamy or Pelican that's around the size of the pilot fine, order an extra fine.
All that said, possibly my favorite nib is the pilot vanishing point, which is ~$120. I don't think there's much in the < $100 range that's significantly better than the metropolitan. I'm also a big fan of Sailor and Visconti's fancier nibs, but that's up a considerable price band.
That being said, I love my Metropolitan.
Also, definitely do get the Medium nib. The Fine will feel scratchy. And keep in mind the Pilot Medium is almost the same as a Fine in the US/Europe.
Your bigger challenge is finding suitable paper to write on. It affects whether you get feathering or bleeding. To a smaller extent it that will affect smoothness. My favorite is the Figurare notebooks. Clairefontaine is also decent. In general, I don't see a correlation between price of notebook and fountain pen friendliness. I've bought decent cheap notebooks from Office Depot, but the exact same "model", in larger size paper, was crap.
Recent Parker fountain pens are pretty meh, in my opinion. Pelican has a good line, as do a number of Japanese makers (Pilot and Sailor are two). And here's my ad for my favorite current American maker, Franklin-Christoph (http://www.franklin-christoph.com/). If you have a pen show nearby, they'll probably have a big booth where you can try all of their pens, all of their nibs, and get one tuned by their tame nibmeister, Mike Masuyama. Not terribly expensive, either.
Then there's a world of Chinese and Indian manufacturers. Whoo. Let's not go there.
You will find very few good pens involving wood---it's not a great material---in fact, none, except for kits from new wood turners. Those are cheap brass pens with an expensive decorative wooden tube glued on.
Copic Multiliner SP range didn't have this issue. Maybe I just had a defective/dried up Micron.
I didn't know Copic made pens. I've heard really good things about their markers so I'll have to try one out.
Honestly, I'd like to try a feather and inkwell just to see how people wrote way back when, but haven't ever gotten around to it.
The idea of fountain pen is to put the pen down on the paper and move it around without the need to press the pen against the paper. Invention of ballpoint pen was move backwards in ergonomy and most people don't realize that this happened, they just hate writing in general.
Most pupils stop using them later on once they are allowed to use roller pens, though.
A "plus" for these, they are easily refillable and use the same ink as the "parallel" pens that are fun for calligraphy.
There's your problem right there. You can get very high quality fountain pens for a LOT less than the $5k that a Nakaya pen costs. But they aren't sold in packs.
Are there easy to get high quality pens elsewise? Probably. But these really are good entry level pens that give me delight to use.
I don't see how this company is an example of anything but survival bias. Hindsight makes them geniuses.
Edit: Thanks for updating!
Yes, it's the money draining out of your pocket.
Veblen goods are types of luxury goods for which the quantity demanded increases as the price increases, an apparent contradiction of the law of demand.
The story is about the particulars, not about what class of economic products it is.