At least in Firefox, if you press Space or PageDown (to scroll down a "page"), on the linked article, you'll lose several lines of the text, as they're obscured by the header. Illustrating:
<------ page 1 --------->
<------ page 1 --------->
<------ page 1 --------->
<------ page 1 --------->
<------ page 1 --------->
<------ page 1 --------->
<----- lost line ------->
<----- lost line ------->
<------ page 2 --------->
<------ page 2 --------->
<------ page 2 --------->
<------ page 2 --------->
<------ page 2 --------->
<------ page 2 --------->
Chrome isn't afflicted by this (on the linked article), due to the fact that its page scroll is slightly shorter than Firefox's (on a webpage without any sticky headers, Firefox gives you about 1.5 lines of context from the previous "page"/screen, when you page-scroll; Chrome gives you about 5). However, if the height of the sticky header were greater (as often is the case), Chrome would also be affected.
This is obviously in addition to the annoyance of the sticky header wasting vertical screen space, but the latter is just an aesthetic preference, while the former is broken functionality.
Yes, I know that on Firefox I can just use reader mode, but it seems sad that after almost 30 years of the development of the web, going back to a design that could easily have existed in the 90s, is an improvement.