That really depends on the company and the software they are building.
I work in healthcare and before I was hired I was told it would take me about 6 months to become productive (understand the system, the jargon,..).
The first month I had a mentor that I did some pair programming with, in which I was mostly watching at first and then being the programmer. I also had courses on how to use the software and was taken to many meetings to get 'context' of what we worked on.
All in all I became productive around 4-5 months (developing new features without bothering colleagues too much and leading some own projects)
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At a job before the current one I was not really guided at all, but they had written tutorials about how to work with their software. And in the tutorial you build a 'new' feature as you went along using more and more complex features of their framework.
No pair programming and actually felt more like a university course (as you kind of got graded via code reviews and had to retake a tutorial step if you failed).
I would actually recommend the first approach.