1: Tesla cells are hard limited to a lower voltage, reportedly 4.1 V rather than the 4.2-4.4 V maximum. Phone batteries run much closer to their maximum voltage
2: Tesla cells stay at much lower temperatures and have active cooling. Phone batteries are used to sink heat from the processors and wifi.
3: Teslas have a much lower normal depth of discharge. In addition to the derated voltage, the average American's daily driving distance is ~30 miles or 10-15% of the battery capacity. Phones are often almost totally discharged every day. Tesla's are also typically only charged to 80%, although you can turn that off.
4: Teslas have a low average power use: 300-600 horsepower on tap but cruising on the highway uses very little. In technical terms their current rate is ~.2-.3 C, while phones can have much higher C rates.
5: Phones use an LCO chemistry, Teslas use NCA which is more stable over the long term. Tesla also has custom additive and cathode/anode materials that improve lifespan a great deal.
Phone and laptop batteries almost all come from china, Tesla batteries are korean. They're pretty premium as far as 18650s go so they're used in power tools and really good laptops. However Tesla has their own proprietary chemistry so nobody else gets to use their blend.