Ask HN: How is anonymous / distributed data hosting even possible?

I've been watching a few videos on distributed web (using everyones device as a port to connect to each other and share information), but I don't understand where the data would be hosted?

Also, following on the effective censorship of unpopular speech this month, people are now talking about ICANN and "giving them the ability to now take our domains."

EFF and First Amendment lawyers are also concerned about recent developments.

It appears, then, that there will be a lot of press now towards a free, anonymous net. But how can it exist in terms of material systems? Where would the data be hosted? What would connect the material?