People generally move to another country in search of a better life... not planning where to die. In casual use I hear expatriate used for anything from someone temporarily living abroad to people who have renounced their citizenship - even if still residing in the US. I understand the legal definition for the US is simply someone working in a country that is not their country of origin (https://definitions.uslegal.com/e/expatriate/). In this legal sense, the US applies the term expatriate to Americans who are in other countries but not to people from other countries who are working in the US. Instead, people from outside the US are referred to as aliens until they obtain US citizenship (https://definitions.uslegal.com/a/alien/).

I would not call this an example of Western Exceptionalism. It is rather a phenomenon known as "othering" meaning to portray someone or something as different to emphasize that he/she/it is the other and not us/this. Note you won't find this term in Webster. They were apparently too busy adding "bling" and "ginormous".

So the article is talking about both? Because if you're giving up your citizenship you're certainly not planning on going back.

So you think we Europeans mean the North American continent when we say "world"? Or is Europe not part of the western world?