A brief history of women in computing
farukat.es
farukat.es
This seems to me to be the key point in the post: there's no one reason that we can point to that would explain how we got to where we are. (I would suggest that trying to find that one reason is, in fact, counter-productive.) This being the case, I don't believe there can be any one way of "fixing" this -- the large change has to happen as a result of many smaller changes, including in hiring practices, standards of behaviour in the workplace, and in schools, colleges, and universities.
In other words, that small change that you can make that you don't think will make a big difference? It can.