MD here - I remember leaving a lecture theatre after 8 hours of didactic lectures, and I could not remember the topic of any of the lectures other than the one i'd just seen, and I could not remember a single fact from any of them. I persisted with the lectures as that seemed to be what was expected of us, however it generally seemed like lectures are there to suit faculty rather than students.

When it came to actual hardcore study for board and specialty exams, I used 100% active recall testing with flashcards with variable repetition based on performance (Anki mainly). I never had any problems passing anything.

I believe an excellent, underutilized way medicine could be taught would be computer based simulation of emergency dept patient presentations, with the player taking a history, performing an investigation and labs, and making decisions +/- referring patient as appropriate.